How to format your references using the Tribology Letters citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Tribology Letters. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Maleczka, R.E., Jr: Chemistry. Copper puts arenes in a hard position. Science. 323, 1572–1573 (2009)

A journal article with 2 authors

Martin, S.G., Berthelot-Grosjean, M.: Polar gradients of the DYRK-family kinase Pom1 couple cell length with the cell cycle. Nature. 459, 852–856 (2009)

A journal article with 3 authors

Powell, K.I., Chase, J.M., Knight, T.M.: Invasive plants have scale-dependent effects on diversity by altering species-area relationships. Science. 339, 316–318 (2013)

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Fève, G., Mahé, A., Berroir, J.-M., Kontos, T., Plaçais, B., Glattli, D.C., Cavanna, A., Etienne, B., Jin, Y.: An on-demand coherent single-electron source. Science. 316, 1169–1172 (2007)

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Dowd, K.: Measuring Market Risk. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Oxford, UK (2005)

An edited book

Ardagna, C.A., Damiani, E., Maciaszek, L.A., Missikoff, M., Parkin, M. eds: Business System Management and Engineering: From Open Issues to Applications. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2012)

A chapter in an edited book

Hernandez-Leal, P., Sucar, L.E., Gonzalez, J.A., Morales, E.F., Ibarguengoytia, P.H.: Learning Temporal Bayesian Networks for Power Plant Diagnosis. In: Mehrotra, K.G., Mohan, C.K., Oh, J.C., Varshney, P.K., and Ali, M. (eds.) Modern Approaches in Applied Intelligence: 24th International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Other Applications of Applied Intelligent Systems, IEA/AIE 2011, Syracuse, NY, USA, June 28 – July 1, 2011, Proceedings, Part I. pp. 39–48. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2011)

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Tribology Letters.

Blog post

Davis, J.: FDA Approves The Installation Of “Stomach Taps”

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Bridge Infrastructure: Matching the Resources to the Need. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (1991)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hau, C.C.: Beliefs of nurse practitioner students toward testicular cancer and teaching testicular self-examinations, (2012)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly, B., Kelly, M.L.B., a Reporter For The, London, M., Lawyer, a. W., are co-authors of the forthcoming book “‘Amazon.’:” BRAZIL’S MORTADELLA MAN, (1983)

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Tribology Letters
Abbreviation	Tribol. Lett.
ISSN (print)	1023-8883
ISSN (online)	1573-2711
Scope	Mechanical Engineering Mechanics of Materials Surfaces, Coatings and Films Surfaces and Interfaces