How to format your references using the Traumatology: An International Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Traumatology: An International Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Thorpe, R. S. (2005). Ecology. Population evolution and island biogeography. Science (New York, N.Y.), 310(5755), 1778–1779.

A journal article with 2 authors

Benedito, R., & Adams, R. H. (2009). Development. Aorta’s cardinal secret. Science (New York, N.Y.), 326(5950), 242–243.

A journal article with 3 authors

Martens, J. A., Laprade, L., & Winston, F. (2004). Intergenic transcription is required to repress the Saccharomyces cerevisiae SER3 gene. Nature, 429(6991), 571–574.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Hur, J., Im, K., Hwang, S., Choi, B., Kim, S., Hwang, S., Park, N., & Kim, K. (2013). DNA hydrogel-based supercapacitors operating in physiological fluids. Scientific Reports, 3, 1282.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bowling, J. (2011). Diagnostic Dermoscopy. Wiley-Blackwell.

An edited book

Gruhn, R. E. (2011). Statistical Pronunciation Modeling for Non-Native Speech Processing (W. Minker & S. Nakamura, Eds.). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

González-Vélez, H. (2005). On the Abstraction of Message-Passing Communications Using Algorithmic Skeletons. In F. F. Ramos, V. Larios Rosillo, & H. Unger (Eds.), Advanced Distributed Systems: 5th International School and Symposium, ISSADS 2005, Guadalajara, Mexico, January 24-28, 2005, Revised Selected Papers (pp. 43–50). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Traumatology: An International Journal.

Blog post

Andrew, D. (2015, April 1). Lamb Born With A Human-Like Face. IFLScience; IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2008). Federal-Aid Highways: Federal Requirements for Highways May Influence Funding Decisions and Create Challenges, but Benefits and Costs Are Not Tracked (GAO-09-36). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Riley, J. M. (2017). Was Sloth the Ultimate Slow Food? An Archaeological Examination of Padre Nuestro Cavern, Dominican Republic [Doctoral dissertation]. Indiana University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Haigney, S. (2017, August 29). Stunt Deaths Renew a Debate Over Safety. New York Times, C4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Thorpe, 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Benedito & Adams, 2009; Thorpe, 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Benedito & Adams, 2009)
Three authors: (Martens et al., 2004)
6 or more authors: (Hur et al., 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Traumatology: An International Journal
Abbreviation	Traumatology (Tallahass. Fla.)
ISSN (online)	1085-9373
Scope	Emergency Medicine Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health General Nursing