How to format your references using the Trauma Case Reports citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Trauma Case Reports. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

R. Stone, HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS: CERN Link Breathes Life Into Russian Physics, Science 290 (2000) 250–252.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

J. Kroymann, T. Mitchell-Olds, Epistasis and balanced polymorphism influencing complex trait variation, Nature 435 (2005) 95–98.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

J.L. Gustafson, D. Lim, S.J. Miller, Dynamic kinetic resolution of biaryl atropisomers via peptide-catalyzed asymmetric bromination, Science 328 (2010) 1251–1255.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

S.W. Kohl, L. Weiner, L. Schwartsburd, L. Konstantinovski, L.J.W. Shimon, Y. Ben-David, M.A. Iron, D. Milstein, Consecutive thermal H2 and light-induced O2 evolution from water promoted by a metal complex, Science 324 (2009) 74–77.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

H. Anisman, Stress and Your Health, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2015.

An edited book

[1]

J. Michelsen, Service Virtualization: Reality is Overrated, Apress, Berkeley, CA, 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

G. Rehm, H. Uszkoreit, About META-NET, in: G. Rehm, H. Uszkoreit (Eds.), The English Language in the Digital Age, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2012: pp. 33–33.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Trauma Case Reports.

Blog post

[1]

T. Hale, Critically Endangered “Fairy Possum” Is Stuck In A Catch-22 Situation, IFLScience (2017). https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/critically-endangered-fairy-possum-is-stuck-in-a-catch22-situation/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Immigrant Education: Federal Funding Has Not Kept Pace With Student Increases, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1994.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

W.A. Roche, The Structure and Grounding of Epistemic Justification, Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University, 2006.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

M.W. Walsh, California Town and Its Public Retirees Reel Under $1.6 Million Pension Bill, New York Times (2016) A10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Trauma Case Reports
Abbreviation	Trauma Case Rep.
ISSN (print)	2352-6440
Scope	Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine Emergency Medicine Orthopedics and Sports Medicine