How to format your references using the Trauma Case Reports citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Trauma Case Reports. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

J.D. Schnittman, Astronomy. The curious behavior of the milky way’s central black hole, Science. 341 (2013) 964–965.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

L. Tsai, G. Barnea, A critical period defined by axon-targeting mechanisms in the murine olfactory bulb, Science. 344 (2014) 197–200.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

N.J. Gosse, L.M. Nevin, H. Baier, Retinotopic order in the absence of axon competition, Nature. 452 (2008) 892–895.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

J. Diemand, M. Kuhlen, P. Madau, M. Zemp, B. Moore, D. Potter, J. Stadel, Clumps and streams in the local dark matter distribution, Nature. 454 (2008) 735–738.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

S. Onstott, AutoCAD® and AutoCAD LT® Essentials, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana, 2017.

An edited book

[1]

A. Campilho, M. Kamel, eds., Image Analysis and Recognition: 11th International Conference, ICIAR 2014, Vilamoura, Portugal, October 22-24, 2014, Proceedings, Part I, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

A. Danylenko, W. Löwe, Adaptation of Legacy Codes to Context-Aware Composition Using Aspect-Oriented Programming, in: T. Gschwind, F.D. Paoli, V. Gruhn, M. Book (Eds.), Software Composition: 11th International Conference, SC 2012, Prague, Czech Republic, May 31 – June 1, 2012. Proceedings, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2012: pp. 68–85.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Trauma Case Reports.

Blog post

[1]

E. Andrew, 2011 Japan Tsunami Debris Is Washing Up Along The Coasts Of The United States, IFLScience. (2015). https://www.iflscience.com/environment/debris-2011-japan-tsunami-washing-along-coasts-united-states-alaska-taking-out-trash/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Transition Series: NASA Issues, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1988.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

R. Taboada-Peña, A Self-Empowering Holistic Art-Based Model Designed to Promote Emotional Well-Being, Coping Skills, and Self-Esteem in Youth, Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

L. Robbins, N.T. Rodriguez, Gang Murders in the Suburbs, New York Times. (2017) MB1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Trauma Case Reports
Abbreviation	Trauma Case Rep.
ISSN (print)	2352-6440
Scope	Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine Emergency Medicine Orthopedics and Sports Medicine