How to format your references using the Transportation Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Transportation Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ludvigsson JF (2005) Recruiters and academia. Hard times for Swedish physician-researchers. Nature 434(7032):542.

A journal article with 2 authors

Fujiwara A, Takahashi Y (2001) Manipulation of elementary charge in a silicon charge-coupled device. Nature 410(6828):560–562.

A journal article with 3 authors

Herrmann B, Thöni C, Gächter S (2008) Antisocial punishment across societies. Science 319(5868):1362–1367.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Zhang J, Wang C, Yu S, Luo Z, Chen Y, Liu Q, Hua F, Xu G, Yu P (2014) Sevoflurane postconditioning protects rat hearts against ischemia-reperfusion injury via the activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling. Sci. Rep. 4:7317.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Moritz FG (2013) Electromechanical Motion Systems (John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester, UK).

An edited book

Scharfman HE, Buckmaster PS eds. (2014) Issues in Clinical Epileptology: A View from the Bench (Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht).

A chapter in an edited book

Klein A, Nikkah G (2008) Neural Transplantation and Restoration of Motor Behaviour in Parkinson‘s Disease. Tatagiba M, ed. Samii’s Essentials in Neurosurgery. (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg), 35–48.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Transportation Science.

Blog post

Andrew E (2014) Medical Marijuana - What’s It Good For? IFLScience. Retrieved (October 30, 2018), .

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2011) International School Feeding: USDA’s Oversight of the McGovern-Dole Food for Education Program Needs Improvement (U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Clemons BL (2010) A correlational study of the ventures for excellence interview-rating system and first year teacher evaluations. Doctoral dissertation. (Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO).

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Oestreich JR (2016) In the Classical Music World, Sept. 11 Anniversary Will Pass With Little Notice. New York Times (September 9).

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Ludvigsson 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Fujiwara and Takahashi 2001, Ludvigsson 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Fujiwara and Takahashi 2001)
Three or more authors: (Zhang et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Transportation Science
ISSN (print)	0041-1655
ISSN (online)	1526-5447
Scope	Transportation