How to format your references using the Transportation Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Transportation Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bobrow M (2011) Regulate research at the animal-human interface. Nature 475(7357):448.

A journal article with 2 authors

Gilboa L, Lehmann R (2006) Soma-germline interactions coordinate homeostasis and growth in the Drosophila gonad. Nature 443(7107):97–100.

A journal article with 3 authors

Zhang C, Yang YP, Duan YW (2014) Pollen sensitivity to ultraviolet-B (UV-B) suggests floral structure evolution in alpine plants. Sci. Rep. 4:4520.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Mao K, Li L, Zhang W, Pei Y, Zeng XC, Wu X, Yang J (2014) A theoretical study of single-atom catalysis of CO oxidation using Au embedded 2D h-BN monolayer: a CO-promoted O₂ activation. Sci. Rep. 4:5441.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hammes GG (2005) Spectroscopy for the Biological Sciences (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ).

An edited book

Chatterjee A, Yarlagadda S, Chakrabarti BK eds. (2005) Econophysics of Wealth Distributions: Econophys-Kolkata I (Springer, Milano).

A chapter in an edited book

Deb A, Roychoudhury S, Sarkar G (2016) One-Shot Operational Matrices for Integration. Roychoudhury S, Sarkar G, eds. Analysis and Identification of Time-Invariant Systems, Time-Varying Systems, and Multi-Delay Systems using Orthogonal Hybrid Functions: Theory and Algorithms with MATLAB® Studies in Systems, Decision and Control. (Springer International Publishing, Cham), 115–140.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Transportation Science.

Blog post

O`Callaghan J (2015) Incredibly Rare Double Eclipse Of The Sun By Earth And The Moon Snapped By Spacecraft. IFLScience. Retrieved (October 30, 2018), https://www.iflscience.com/space/incredible-double-eclipse-sun-earth-and-moon-captured-first-time-ever/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1981) Misuse of SBA’s 8(a) Program Increased Cost for Many ADP Equipment Acquisitions (U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Heyen C (2015) Two predictors of smoking behaviors in the LGBTQ population: Anxiety and internalized homophobia. Doctoral dissertation, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sisario B (2016) Songwriters Challenge a Ruling on Licensing. New York Times (September 14).

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Bobrow 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Gilboa and Lehmann 2006, Bobrow 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Gilboa and Lehmann 2006)
Three or more authors: (Mao et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Transportation Science
ISSN (print)	0041-1655
ISSN (online)	1526-5447
Scope	Transportation