How to format your references using the Transportation Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Transportation Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Salamini F (2003) Plant Biology. Hormones and the green revolution. Science 302(5642):71–72.

A journal article with 2 authors

Taylor MS, Hellberg ME (2003) Genetic evidence for local retention of pelagic larvae in a Caribbean reef fish. Science 299(5603):107–109.

A journal article with 3 authors

Nestle FO, Speidel H, Speidel MO (2002) Metallurgy: high nickel release from 1- and 2-euro coins. Nature 419(6903):132.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Wu H, van Kuyck K, Tambuyzer T, Luyten L, Aerts JM, Nuttin B (2014) Rethinking food anticipatory activity in the activity-based anorexia rat model. Sci. Rep. 4:3929.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Sugirtharajah RS (2011) Exploring Postcolonial Biblical Criticism (Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK).

An edited book

Vastola A ed. (2015) The Sustainability of Agro-Food and Natural Resource Systems in the Mediterranean Basin (Springer International Publishing, Cham).

A chapter in an edited book

Callo-Concha D, Sommer JH, Kleemann J, Gatzweiler FW, Denich M (2014) Marginality from a Socio-ecological Perspective. von Braun J, Gatzweiler FW, eds. Marginality: Addressing the Nexus of Poverty, Exclusion and Ecology. (Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht), 57–65.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Transportation Science.

Blog post

Luntz S (2015) Why Do Europeans Have White Skin? IFLScience. Retrieved (October 30, 2018), .

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2011) Higher Education: Use of New Data Could Help Improve Oversight of Distance Education (U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Wheeler JA (2012) The Scaling of High Harmonics with Mid-Infrared Driving Fields and a Method for the Spatial Isolation of Individual Subfemtosecond Pulses. Doctoral dissertation. (Ohio State University, Columbus, OH).

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gordon MR (2017) Defense Secretary Says He Didn’t Contradict President. New York Times (September 1).

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Salamini 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Salamini 2003, Taylor and Hellberg 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Taylor and Hellberg 2003)
Three or more authors: (Wu et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Transportation Science
ISSN (print)	0041-1655
ISSN (online)	1526-5447
Scope	Transportation