How to format your references using the Applied Water Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Applied Water Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Schiermeier Q (2005) Pity poor postdocs. Nature 434:540–541

A journal article with 2 authors

Adams J, Loach T (2015) Comment: A well-connected world. Nature 527:S58-9

A journal article with 3 authors

Noskov SY, Bernèche S, Roux B (2004) Control of ion selectivity in potassium channels by electrostatic and dynamic properties of carbonyl ligands. Nature 431:830–834

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Gänsicke BT, Koester D, Girven J, et al (2010) Two white dwarfs with oxygen-rich atmospheres. Science 327:188–190

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Killops S, Killops V (2004) Introduction to Organic Geochemistry. Blackwell Publishing Ltd., Malden, MA USA

An edited book

Zhang L, Song X, Wu Y (eds) (2016) Theory, Methodology, Tools and Applications for Modeling and Simulation of Complex Systems: 16th Asia Simulation Conference and SCS Autumn Simulation Multi-Conference, AsiaSim/SCS AutumnSim 2016, Beijing, China, October 8-11, 2016, Proceedings, Part III. Springer, Singapore

A chapter in an edited book

Garrity DM (2015) Mobile Financial Services in Disaster Relief: Modeling Sustainability. In: Hostettler S, Hazboun E, Bolay J-C (eds) Technologies for Development: What is Essential? Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 45–54

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Applied Water Science.

Blog post

Andrew E (2014) Eerie Sound Detected Coming From Rosetta’s Comet. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/rosetta-s-comet-sounds-lot-predator/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1985) Commercializing Landsat and the Weather Satellites. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kreisel M (2015) Gabor frames for quasicrystals and K-theory. Doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse L (2007) New Focus on the Effects of Life Tenure. New York Times A20

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Schiermeier 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Schiermeier 2005; Adams and Loach 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Adams and Loach 2015)
Three or more authors: (Gänsicke et al. 2010)

About the journal

Full journal title	Applied Water Science
Abbreviation	Appl. Water Sci.
ISSN (print)	2190-5487
ISSN (online)	2190-5495
Scope	Water Science and Technology