How to format your references using the Applied Water Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Applied Water Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Palme H (2004) Planetary science. The giant impact formation of the Moon. Science 304:977–979

A journal article with 2 authors

Taylor JRA, Kier WM (2003) Switching skeletons: hydrostatic support in molting crabs. Science 301:209–210

A journal article with 3 authors

Moellering ER, Muthan B, Benning C (2010) Freezing tolerance in plants requires lipid remodeling at the outer chloroplast membrane. Science 330:226–228

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Ram RJ, Verberkmoes NC, Thelen MP, et al (2005) Community proteomics of a natural microbial biofilm. Science 308:1915–1920

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Robinson TR (2010) Genetics for Dummies®. Wiley Publishing, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Taxman FS, Pattavina A (eds) (2013) Simulation Strategies to Reduce Recidivism: Risk Need Responsivity (RNR) Modeling for the Criminal Justice System. Springer, New York, NY

A chapter in an edited book

Daugstad K (2011) The Participatory Dimension in Nature Conservation Processes: Examples of Ideology and Practice from Norway. In: Jones M, Stenseke M (eds) The European Landscape Convention: Challenges of Participation. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 67–79

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Applied Water Science.

Blog post

Taub B (2016) Misuse Of Prescription Opioids Has More Than Doubled In the US In the Past Decade. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/misuse-of-prescription-opioids-has-more-than-doubled-in-the-us-in-the-past-decade/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2007) Low-Income and Minority Serving Institutions: Education Has Taken Steps to Improve Monitoring and Assistance, but Further Progress Is Needed. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Clater MJ (2009) Interposed between God and man: Agency in the Requiems of Berlioz and Fauré. Doctoral dissertation, Indiana University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner J (2017) Baseball; Rainout Gives Injured Mets More Rest. New York Times B14

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Palme 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Taylor and Kier 2003; Palme 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Taylor and Kier 2003)
Three or more authors: (Ram et al. 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Applied Water Science
Abbreviation	Appl. Water Sci.
ISSN (print)	2190-5487
ISSN (online)	2190-5495
Scope	Water Science and Technology

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