How to format your references using the Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board (TRR). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Wuebbles, D. J. Atmosphere. Nitrous Oxide: No Laughing Matter. Science (New York, N.Y.), Vol. 326, No. 5949, 2009, pp. 56–57.

A journal article with 2 authors

Holt, C. E., and S. L. Bullock. Subcellular MRNA Localization in Animal Cells and Why It Matters. Science (New York, N.Y.), Vol. 326, No. 5957, 2009, pp. 1212–1216.

A journal article with 3 authors

Riolo, R. L., M. D. Cohen, and R. Axelrod. Evolution of Cooperation without Reciprocity. Nature, Vol. 414, No. 6862, 2001, pp. 441–443.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Wisotzki, L., R. Bacon, J. Brinchmann, S. Cantalupo, P. Richter, J. Schaye, K. B. Schmidt, T. Urrutia, P. M. Weilbacher, M. Akhlaghi, N. Bouché, T. Contini, B. Guiderdoni, E. C. Herenz, H. Inami, J. Kerutt, F. Leclercq, R. A. Marino, M. Maseda, A. Monreal-Ibero, T. Nanayakkara, J. Richard, R. Saust, M. Steinmetz, and M. Wendt. Nearly All the Sky Is Covered by Lyman-α Emission around High-Redshift Galaxies. Nature, Vol. 562, No. 7726, 2018, pp. 229–232.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Rowlinson, M. A Practical Guide to the NEC3 Engineering and Construction Contract. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK, 2010.

An edited book

Trinh, H. Functional Observers for Dynamical Systems. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

Jimbo, K., H. Takamura, and M. Okumura. Solving Crossword Puzzles Using Extended Potts Model. In New Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence: JSAI 2008 Conference and Workshops, Asahikawa, Japan, June 11-13, 2008, Revised Selected Papers (H. Hattori, T. Kawamura, T. Idé, M. Yokoo, and Y. Murakami, eds.), Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 39–47.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board.

Blog post

Davis, J. Extinct Giant Elephant Genetics Prove There Are Actually Two Living African Species. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/extinct-giant-elephant-genetics-prove-there-are-actually-two-living-african-species/. Accessed Oct. 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Transportation Programs: Challenges Facing the Department of Transportation and Congress. Publication GAO-09-435T. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2009.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lopez, D. E. Understanding and Responding to Culturally Based Spiritual Phenomena among Latino Clinicians. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow, K. A Drive to Save a Tiger By the Name of Tammany. New York Times, Jul 14, 2002, p. 144.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text

About the journal

Full journal title	Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board
Abbreviation	Transp. Res. Rec.
ISSN (print)	0361-1981
ISSN (online)	2169-4052
Scope	Civil and Structural Engineering Mechanical Engineering