How to format your references using the Transportation in Developing Economies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Transportation in Developing Economies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Goldston D (2009) Beware politicians bearing gifts. Nature 457:649

A journal article with 2 authors

Younesi E, Hofmann-Apitius M (2013) Biomarker-guided translation of brain imaging into disease pathway models. Sci Rep 3:3375

A journal article with 3 authors

O’Gorman CM, Fuller HT, Dyer PS (2009) Discovery of a sexual cycle in the opportunistic fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. Nature 457:471–474

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Koop T, Luo B, Tsias A, Peter T (2000) Water activity as the determinant for homogeneous ice nucleation in aqueous solutions. Nature 406:611–614

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Zhu QK (2005) Power Distribution Network Design For VLSI. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Paolesse R (2014) Synthesis and Modifications of Porphyrinoids. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Miranda Ackerman EJ (2012) Extracting a Causal Network of News Topics. In: Herrero P, Panetto H, Meersman R, Dillon T (eds) On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems: OTM 2012 Workshops: Confederated International Workshops: OTM Academy, Industry Case Studies Program, EI2N, INBAST, META4eS, OnToContent, ORM, SeDeS, SINCOM, and SOMOCO 2012, Rome, Italy, September 10-14, 2012. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 33–42

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Transportation in Developing Economies.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) Seven Nutrients Important For Mental Health – And Where To Find Them. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1988) Airspace Use: Status of Proposals To Expand Special Use Airspace in North Carolina. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Roettger ME (2008) Three essays on social inequality and the U.S. criminal justice system. Doctoral dissertation, University of North Carolina

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kishkovsky S (2009) Putin’s Party Wins in Regional Elections Across Russia. New York Times A6

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Transportation in Developing Economies
Abbreviation	Transp. Dev. Econ.
ISSN (print)	2199-9287
ISSN (online)	2199-9295
Scope