How to format your references using the Transplantation Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Transplantation Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Taylor P. Personal genomes: when consent gets in the way. Nature. 2008;456:32–3.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. O’Leary T, Marder E. Neuroscience. Mapping neural activation onto behavior in an entire animal. Science. 2014;344:372–3.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Grinberg I, Cooper VR, Rappe AM. Relationship between local structure and phase transitions of a disordered solid solution. Nature. 2002;419:909–11.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Liu R, Ji C, Mock JJ, Chin JY, Cui TJ, Smith DR. Broadband ground-plane cloak. Science. 2009;323:366–9.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Mattu A, Grossman SA, Rosen PL. Geriatric Emergencies. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2016.

An edited book

1. Diederich J, editor. Rule Extraction from Support Vector Machines. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Zeng J, Zhong X. A Novel WiMAX Structure with Mesh Network. In: Krishnaswamy D, Pfeifer T, Raz D, editors. Real-Time Mobile Multimedia Services: 10th IFIP/IEEE International Conference on Management of Multimedia and Mobile Networks and Services, MMNS 2007, San José, USA, October 31 - November 2, 2007 Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2007. p. 50–63.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Transplantation Research.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Newly Discovered Layer In Earth’s Mantle Can Affect Surface Dwellers Too. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Tax System Modernization: An Assessment of IRS’ Design Master Plan. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1991 Jun. Report No.: IMTEC-91-53BR.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Beechey SN. The politics of deservingness: Discourses of gender, race, *class, and age in the 2005 Social Security debates [Doctoral dissertation]. [Washington, DC]: George Washington University; 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Walsh MW. How Free Electricity Helped Dig $9 Billion Hole in Puerto Rico. New York Times. 2016 Feb 2;A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Transplantation Research
Abbreviation	Transplant. Res.
ISSN (online)	2047-1440
Scope