How to format your references using the Translational Medicine Case Reports citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Translational Medicine Case Reports. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

D.R. Begun, Anthropology. The earliest hominins--is less more?, Science 303 (2004) 1478–1480.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

S. Liao, N.C. Seeman, Translation of DNA signals into polymer assembly instructions, Science 306 (2004) 2072–2074.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Y. Han, T. Bai, W. Liu, Controlled heterogeneous stem cell differentiation on a shape memory hydrogel surface, Sci. Rep. 4 (2014) 5815.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

Q. Zhao, H. Zhou, S. Chi, Y. Wang, J. Wang, J. Geng, K. Wu, W. Liu, T. Zhang, M.-Q. Dong, J. Wang, X. Li, B. Xiao, Structure and mechanogating mechanism of the Piezo1 channel, Nature 554 (2018) 487–492.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

P. Ciana, New Frontiers in Technical Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2011.

An edited book

[1]

W.E. Wong, T. Zhu, eds., Computer Engineering and Networking: Proceedings of the 2013 International Conference on Computer Engineering and Network (CENet2013), Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

C. Siebert, T. Rödiger, S. Schulz, M. Horovitz, R. Merz, J. Friesen, P. Dietrich, N. Michelsen, A. Kallioras, R. Rausch, I. Engelhardt, M. Al-Saud, C. Schüth, New Tools for Coherent Information Base for IWRM in Arid Regions: The Upper Mega Aquifer System on the Arabian Peninsula, in: D. Borchardt, J.J. Bogardi, R.B. Ibisch (Eds.), Integrated Water Resources Management: Concept, Research and Implementation, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2016: pp. 85–106.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Translational Medicine Case Reports.

Blog post

[1]

E. Andrew, How Dangerous Is The Sodium Cyanide Found At The Chinese Explosion Site?, IFLScience (2015). https://www.iflscience.com/environment/how-dangerous-sodium-cyanide-found-chinese-explosion-site/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Motor Carrier Safety: Improvements to Data-Driven Oversight Could Better Target High Risk Carriers, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2015.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

T.T. Hoang, Acoustic and Image Vehicle Classification System, Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

J. Schwartz, You, Too, Can Rewire Your Brain, New York Times (2017) ED6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Translational Medicine Case Reports
Abbreviation	New Horiz. Clin. Case Rep.
ISSN (print)	2352-9482
Scope