How to format your references using the Transformation in Higher Education citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Transformation in Higher Education. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Clapham, D.E., 2003, ‘TRP channels as cellular sensors’, Nature, 426(6966), 517–524.

A journal article with 2 authors

Karlan, D. & Zinman, J., 2011, ‘Microcredit in theory and practice: using randomized credit scoring for impact evaluation’, Science (New York, N.Y.), 332(6035), 1278–1284.

A journal article with 3 authors

Yamashita, F., Fukuyama, E. & Omura, K., 2004, ‘Estimation of fault strength: reconstruction of stress before the 1995 Kobe earthquake’, Science (New York, N.Y.), 306(5694), 261–263.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Bakolitsa, C., Cohen, D.M., Bankston, L.A., Bobkov, A.A., Cadwell, G.W., Jennings, L., Critchley, D.R., Craig, S.W. & Liddington, R.C., 2004, ‘Structural basis for vinculin activation at sites of cell adhesion’, Nature, 430(6999), 583–586.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bauldry, W.C., 2009, Introduction to Real Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Jäger, T. & Kümmel, G. (eds.), 2007, Private Military and Security Companies: Chances, Problems, Pitfalls and Prospects, VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden.

A chapter in an edited book

Alperson-Afil, N. & Goren-Inbar, N., 2016, ‘Scarce but Significant: The Limestone Component of the Acheulean Site of Gesher Benot Ya’aqov, Israel’, in M.N. Haidle, N.J. Conard & M. Bolus (eds.), The Nature of Culture: Based on an Interdisciplinary Symposium ‘The Nature of Culture’, Tübingen, Germany, Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology., pp. 41–56, Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Transformation in Higher Education.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2014, Print Your Own Dinosaur!, IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2002, Electronic Government: Challenges to Effective Adoption of the Extensible Markup Language, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Qin, R., 2008, Mid -ocean ridge morphology and tectonics: Insights from numerical modeling of faults and dikes – PhD thesis, Columbia University, New York, NY .

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Tackett, M., 2017, Puerto Rico’s Hurricane Victims Could Find Political Clout in Florida, New York Times, p. A13.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Clapham 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Clapham 2003; Karlan & Zinman 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Karlan & Zinman 2011)
Three or more authors: (Bakolitsa et al. 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Transformation in Higher Education
ISSN (print)	2415-0991
ISSN (online)	2519-5638
Scope