How to format your references using the Transactions of the American Philological Association citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Transactions of the American Philological Association (TAPA). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Greenberg, D.S. 2010. “A Two-Year Plan for US Science.” Nature 467 (7317) (October 14): 781–82.

A journal article with 2 authors

Bowles, S., and Posel, D. 2005. “Genetic Relatedness Predicts South African Migrant Workers’ Remittances to Their Families.” Nature 434 (7031) (March 17): 380–83.

A journal article with 3 authors

Deuss, A., Irving, J.C.E., and Woodhouse, J.H. 2010. “Regional Variation of Inner Core Anisotropy from Seismic Normal Mode Observations.” Science 328 (5981) (May 21): 1018–20.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Billy, J., Josse, V., Zuo, Z., Bernard, A., Hambrecht, B., Lugan, P., Clément, D., Sanchez-Palencia, L., Bouyer, P., and Aspect, A. 2008. “Direct Observation of Anderson Localization of Matter Waves in a Controlled Disorder.” Nature 453 (7197) (June 12): 891–94.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Pozzilli, P., Lenzi, A., Clarke, B.L., and Young, W.F., Jr. 2013. Imaging in Endocrinology. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

An edited book

Stranieri, A. 2005. Knowledge Discovery from Legal Databases. Edited by John Zeleznikow. Vol. 69. Law and Philosophy Library. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Gorbachev, D.V. 2016. “Multidimensional Extremal Logan’s and Bohman’s Problems.” In Ruzhansky, M. and Tikhonov, S. eds. Methods of Fourier Analysis and Approximation Theory. Applied and Numerical Harmonic Analysis. Cham: Springer International Publishing. 43–58.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Transactions of the American Philological Association.

Blog post

Andrew, E. 2014. “Massive Asteroids Battered Early Earth.” IFLScience. IFLScience. July 31. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/massive-asteroids-battered-early-earth/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2000. “Mass Transit: Review of the South Boston Piers Transitway Finance Plan.” GAO-01-174R. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Othmanawny, G. 2017. “Soaked and Unsoaked Performance of Crushed Gravel and Limestone Aggregates.” Doctoral dissertation, Edwardsville, IL: Southern Illinois University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey, G. 2011. “A Miserable Month in the World of Sports.” New York Times, December 11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text

About the journal

Full journal title	Transactions of the American Philological Association
ISSN (print)	0360-5949
ISSN (online)	1533-0699
Scope	Language and Linguistics Classics Literature and Literary Theory Linguistics and Language