How to format your references using the Toxins citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Toxins. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Favero, I. Optomechanics: Listening to Quantum Grains of Sound. Nature 2015, 520, 441–442.

A journal article with 2 authors

Norell, M.A.; Clarke, J.A. Fossil That Fills a Critical Gap in Avian Evolution. Nature 2001, 409, 181–184.

A journal article with 3 authors

McQuibban, G.A.; Saurya, S.; Freeman, M. Mitochondrial Membrane Remodelling Regulated by a Conserved Rhomboid Protease. Nature 2003, 423, 537–541.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Wang, J.; Liu, J.; Hu, Y.; Ying, S.-H.; Feng, M.-G. Cytokinesis-Required Cdc14 Is a Signaling Hub of Asexual Development and Multi-Stress Tolerance in Beauveria Bassiana. Sci. Rep. 2013, 3, 3086.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Chin, D.A. Water-Quality Engineering in Natural Systems; John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ, 2006; ISBN 9780471784555.

An edited book

Theories of Perception in Medieval and Early Modern Philosophy; Knuuttila, S., Kärkkäinen, P., Eds.; Studies in the History of Philosophy of Mind; Springer Netherlands: Dordrecht, 2008; Vol. 6; ISBN 9781402061240.

A chapter in an edited book

Lund-Durlacher, D. Corporate Social Responsibility and Tourism. In Education for Sustainability in Tourism: A Handbook of Processes, Resources, and Strategies; Moscardo, G., Benckendorff, P., Eds.; CSR, Sustainability, Ethics & Governance; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2015; pp. 59–73 ISBN 9783662474693.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Toxins.

Blog post

Evans, K. Giant Goldfish Demonstrate Why Not To Release Pets Into The Wild (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office U.S. and Soviet Bloc Training of Latin American and Caribbean Students: Considerations in Developing Future U.S. Programs; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 1984;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Brient, R. Performance Considerations for Philippe Gaubert’s “Madrigal.” Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach: Long Beach, CA, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Billard, M. Scouting Report. New York Times 2010, E5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Toxins
Abbreviation	Toxins (Basel)
ISSN (online)	2072-6651
Scope	Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis Toxicology