How to format your references using the Toxins citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Toxins. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Heemels, M.-T. Ageing. Nature 2010, 464, 503.

A journal article with 2 authors

Simon, R.; Stahl, Y. Botany. Plant Cells CLEave Their Way to Differentiation. Science 2006, 313, 773–774.

A journal article with 3 authors

Messer, H.; Zinevich, A.; Alpert, P. Environmental Monitoring by Wireless Communication Networks. Science 2006, 312, 713.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Vajk, O.P.; Mang, P.K.; Greven, M.; Gehring, P.M.; Lynn, J.W. Quantum Impurities in the Two-Dimensional Spin One-Half Heisenberg Antiferromagnet. Science 2002, 295, 1691–1695.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Cann, A.J. Mathe Für Biologen; Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA: Weinheim, Germany, 2004; ISBN 9783527662579.

An edited book

Sparse Grids and Applications - Munich 2012; Garcke, J., Pflüger, D., Eds.; Lecture Notes in Computational Science and Engineering; Springer International Publishing: Cham, 2014; Vol. 97; ISBN 9783319045368.

A chapter in an edited book

Correa, E. “Out of Order!” Exposure, Experience, E-Learning, and Evaluation: An Interdisciplinary Studies Approach @ Service Learning. In Technology, Theory, and Practice in Interdisciplinary STEM Programs: Connecting STEM and Non-STEM Approaches; Lansiquot, R.D., Ed.; Palgrave Macmillan US: New York, NY, 2016; pp. 83–106 ISBN 9781137567383.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Toxins.

Blog post

Evans, K. Snow Fell In The Sahara For The First Time In 37 Years Available online: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/snow-fell-in-the-sahara-for-the-first-time-in-37-years/ (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office National Bureau of Standards--Information and Observations on Its Administration; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 1979;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Vande Voort, P.S. A Phenomenological Exploration of Faculty Experiences Using Lecture Capture Systems. Doctoral dissertation, University of Phoenix: Phoenix, AZ, 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Leibovich, M. The Real House Candidates of Beverly Hills. New York Times 2014, MM22.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Toxins
Abbreviation	Toxins (Basel)
ISSN (online)	2072-6651
Scope	Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis Toxicology