How to format your references using the Biological Trace Element Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Biological Trace Element Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Paterlini M (2011) Anthropology: The Iceman defrosted. Nature 471:34–35

A journal article with 2 authors

Kioussis D, Georgopoulos K (2007) Epigenetic flexibility underlying lineage choices in the adaptive immune system. Science 317:620–622

A journal article with 3 authors

Danielewicz P, Lacey R, Lynch WG (2002) Determination of the equation of state of dense matter. Science 298:1592–1596

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Serreli V, Lee C-F, Kay ER, Leigh DA (2007) A molecular information ratchet. Nature 445:523–527

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hoskins BJ, James IN (2014) Fluid Dynamics of the Midlatitude Atmosphere. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester

An edited book

Faridah-Hanum I, Latiff A, Hakeem KR, Ozturk M (2014) Mangrove Ecosystems of Asia: Status, Challenges and Management Strategies. Springer, New York, NY

A chapter in an edited book

Sousa LC, Castro CF, António CC (2012) Blood Flow Simulation and Applications. In: Natal Jorge RM, Tavares JMRS, Pinotti Barbosa M, Slade AP (eds) Technologies for Medical Sciences. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 67–86

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Biological Trace Element Research.

Blog post

Carpineti A (2015) Intelligent Dressing Glows When Wounds Are Infected. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/intelligent-dressing-detects-infections-wounds/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2005) Activities of the Amtrak Inspector General. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Chhun S (2010) Assessing the role of vacuolar trafficking in fifteen candidate env genes at the late endosome to vacuole interface in S. cerevisiae. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh MW (2016) Richard K. Ransom, 96, Founder of Hickory Farms. New York Times A22

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Biological Trace Element Research
Abbreviation	Biol. Trace Elem. Res.
ISSN (print)	0163-4984
ISSN (online)	1559-0720
Scope	Biochemistry Clinical Biochemistry Inorganic Chemistry General Medicine Biochemistry, medical Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism

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