How to format your references using the Toxicology Letters citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Toxicology Letters. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Sharkey, N., 2008. Computer science. The ethical frontiers of robotics. Science 322, 1800–1801.

A journal article with 2 authors

Papasaikas, P., Valcárcel, J., 2012. Evolution. Splicing in 4D. Science 338, 1547–1548.

A journal article with 3 authors

Djuranovic, S., Nahvi, A., Green, R., 2011. A parsimonious model for gene regulation by miRNAs. Science 331, 550–553.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Dhar, S., Vemulapalli, V., Patananan, A.N., Huang, G.L., Di Lorenzo, A., Richard, S., Comb, M.J., Guo, A., Clarke, S.G., Bedford, M.T., 2013. Loss of the major Type I arginine methyltransferase PRMT1 causes substrate scavenging by other PRMTs. Sci. Rep. 3, 1311.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Shore, S.N., 2005. The Tapestry of Modern Astrophysics. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, FRG.

An edited book

Watanabe, S., Kuczaj, S. (Eds.), 2013. Emotions of Animals and Humans: Comparative Perspectives, The Science of the Mind. Springer Japan, Tokyo.

A chapter in an edited book

Rummler, G.A., Ramias, A.J., 2010. A Framework for Defining and Designing the Structure of Work, in: Brocke, J.V., Rosemann, M. (Eds.), Handbook on Business Process Management 1: Introduction, Methods, and Information Systems. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 83–106.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Toxicology Letters.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2014. How To Build A Smartphone Microscope Stand for $10 [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/technology/how-build-smartphone-microscope-stand-10/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2000. Mass Transit: Review of the Bay Area Rapid Transit District’s Airport Extension Finance Plan (No. RCED-00-95R). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Mathes, M.D., 2014. Exploring Factors That Enabled Financial Advisors and Their Firms to Improve Professional Performance After 2008 (Doctoral dissertation). Northcentral University, Scottsdale, AZ.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Davis, J.H., Rosenberg, M., 2017. Even Defining Victory in Afghanistan Is Hard. New York Times A7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Sharkey, 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Papasaikas and Valcárcel, 2012; Sharkey, 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Papasaikas and Valcárcel, 2012)
Three or more authors: (Dhar et al., 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Toxicology Letters
Abbreviation	Toxicol. Lett.
ISSN (print)	0378-4274
Scope	General Medicine Toxicology