How to format your references using the Toxicology Letters citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Toxicology Letters. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kono, M., 2006. Geophysics. Ships’ logs and archeomagnetism. Science 312, 865–866.

A journal article with 2 authors

Tseng, C.-K., Cheng, S.-C., 2008. Both catalytic steps of nuclear pre-mRNA splicing are reversible. Science 320, 1782–1784.

A journal article with 3 authors

Berg, R.W., Alaburda, A., Hounsgaard, J., 2007. Balanced inhibition and excitation drive spike activity in spinal half-centers. Science 315, 390–393.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Fedotov, I.V., Doronina-Amitonova, L.V., Voronin, A.A., Levchenko, A.O., Zibrov, S.A., Sidorov-Biryukov, D.A., Fedotov, A.B., Velichansky, V.L., Zheltikov, A.M., 2014. Electron spin manipulation and readout through an optical fiber. Sci. Rep. 4, 5362.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Maidl, B., Thewes, M., Maidl, U., 2014. Handbook of Tunnel Engineering II. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, D-69451 Weinheim, Germany.

An edited book

Griffiths, D.V., Fenton, G.A. (Eds.), 2007. Probabilistic Methods in Geotechnical Engineering, CISM Courses and Lectures. Springer, Vienna.

A chapter in an edited book

Qadir, M.M.F., Bhatti, A., John, P., 2015. The Adverse Impact of Modern Biotechnology on the Environment, in: Abubakar, M., Saeed, A., Kul, O. (Eds.), The Role of Biotechnology in Improvement of Livestock: Animal Health and Biotechnology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 91–110.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Toxicology Letters.

Blog post

Hale, T., 2016. The UK Will Ban Plastic Microbeads By 2017 [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/environment/the-uk-will-ban-plastic-microbeads-by-2017/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2001. Army Training: Improvements Are Needed in 5-Ton Truck Driver Training and Supervision (No. GAO-01-436). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Shah, S.K., 2017. Data Transmission Using Image Steganography in Quick Response (QR) Code (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Stelter, B., 2013. Waking Up On The Wrong Side Of A Rating War. New York Times MM24.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Kono, 2006).
This sentence cites two references (Kono, 2006; Tseng and Cheng, 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Tseng and Cheng, 2008)
Three or more authors: (Fedotov et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Toxicology Letters
Abbreviation	Toxicol. Lett.
ISSN (print)	0378-4274
Scope	General Medicine Toxicology