How to format your references using the Toxicology in Vitro citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Toxicology in Vitro. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Weisel, J.W., 2008. Biophysics. Enigmas of blood clot elasticity. Science 320, 456–457.

A journal article with 2 authors

Cockell, C.S., Stokes, M.D., 2004. Ecology: widespread colonization by polar hypoliths. Nature 431, 414.

A journal article with 3 authors

Zeyl, C., Vanderford, T., Carter, M., 2003. An evolutionary advantage of haploidy in large yeast populations. Science 299, 555–558.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Tang, A.-M., Wang, W.-J., Mei, B., Hu, W.-L., Wu, M., Liang, G.-L., 2013. DEVD-based hydrogelator minimizes cellular apoptosis induction. Sci. Rep. 3, 1848.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Walker, M., 2013. Happy-People-Pills For All. Wiley Blackwell, Oxford, UK.

An edited book

Flüchter, A., Richter, S. (Eds.), 2012. Structures on the Move: Technologies of Governance in Transcultural Encounter, Transcultural Research – Heidelberg Studies on Asia and Europe in a Global Context. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Dass, A., Dimitriou, A., Aksoy, C., Theodoratos, D., 2015. Incorporating Cohesiveness into Keyword Search on Linked Data, in: Wang, J., Cellary, W., Wang, D., Wang, H., Chen, S.-C., Li, T., Zhang, Y. (Eds.), Web Information Systems Engineering – WISE 2015: 16th International Conference, Miami, FL, USA, November 1-3, 2015, Proceedings, Part II, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 47–62.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Toxicology in Vitro.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2014. SDSS1133: Odd Supernova Remnant or Homeless Supermassive Black Hole? [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/space/sdss1133-odd-supernova-remnant-or-homeless-supermassive-black-hole/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1985. Relocation of the Western Executive Seminar Center (No. 126499). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Walker, N.A., 2010. Mothers’ description of raising two children with an autism spectrum disorder: A case study (Doctoral dissertation). Capella University, Minneapolis, MN.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Bartlett, B., 2016. It’s Not Too Late to Fix Fox News. New York Times A21.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Weisel, 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Cockell and Stokes, 2004; Weisel, 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Cockell and Stokes, 2004)
Three or more authors: (Tang et al., 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Toxicology in Vitro
Abbreviation	Toxicol. In Vitro
ISSN (print)	0887-2333
Scope	General Medicine Toxicology