How to format your references using the Toxicology in Vitro citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Toxicology in Vitro. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Livio, M., 2012. Physics: Why symmetry matters. Nature 490, 472–473.

A journal article with 2 authors

Peers, G., Price, N.M., 2006. Copper-containing plastocyanin used for electron transport by an oceanic diatom. Nature 441, 341–344.

A journal article with 3 authors

Iwata, M., Hiyama, A., Otaki, J.M., 2013. System-dependent regulations of colour-pattern development: a mutagenesis study of the pale grass blue butterfly. Sci. Rep. 3, 2379.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Shackleton, M., Vaillant, F., Simpson, K.J., Stingl, J., Smyth, G.K., Asselin-Labat, M.-L., Wu, L., Lindeman, G.J., Visvader, J.E., 2006. Generation of a functional mammary gland from a single stem cell. Nature 439, 84–88.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Teague, K.A., Gallicchio, N., 2017. The Evolution of Meteorology. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Romero-Trillo, J. (Ed.), 2013. Yearbook of Corpus Linguistics and Pragmatics 2013: New Domains and Methodologies, Yearbook of Corpus Linguistics and Pragmatics. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht.

A chapter in an edited book

Dincer, I., Hogerwaard, J., Zamfirescu, C., 2016. Clean Rail Initiatives, in: Hogerwaard, J., Zamfirescu, C. (Eds.), Clean Rail Transportation Options, Green Energy and Technology. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 91–113.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Toxicology in Vitro.

Blog post

Fang, J., 2015. How Do You Sex Dinosaurs? Look at Their Tails [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/how-do-you-sex-dinosaurs-look-their-tails/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1999. Federal Education Funding: Allocation to State and Local Agencies for 10 Programs (No. HEHS-99-180). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Holmstedt, C., 2013. Low voltage switched-current cell and its application (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Cooper, M., 2017. Met Opera Numbers Inch Up. New York Times C2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Livio, 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Livio, 2012; Peers and Price, 2006).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Peers and Price, 2006)
Three or more authors: (Shackleton et al., 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Toxicology in Vitro
Abbreviation	Toxicol. In Vitro
ISSN (print)	0887-2333
Scope	General Medicine Toxicology