How to format your references using the Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Stuessy, T.F., 2006. Evolutionary biology: Sympatric plant speciation in islands? Nature 443, E12; discussion E12-3.

A journal article with 2 authors

Etterson, J.R., Shaw, R.G., 2001. Constraint to adaptive evolution in response to global warming. Science 294, 151–154.

A journal article with 3 authors

Locher, K.P., Bass, R.B., Rees, D.C., 2003. Structural biology. Breaching the barrier. Science 301, 603–604.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Fiebig, M., Lottermoser, T., Fröhlich, D., Goltsev, A.V., Pisarev, R.V., 2002. Observation of coupled magnetic and electric domains. Nature 419, 818–820.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Chang, C.M., 2010. Service Systems Management and Engineering. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Nesterenko, M.V., 2011. Thin Impedance Vibrators: Theory and Applications, Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer, New York, NY.

A chapter in an edited book

Chiu, C.-J., 2016. Cultivating a Humanistic Mind: A View from Taiwan, in: Chan, E.T.Y., O’Sullivan, M. (Eds.), The Humanities in Contemporary Chinese Contexts, The Humanities in Asia. Springer, Singapore, pp. 57–75.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2015. Want Your Kids To Learn Another Language? Teach Them Code [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1992. Education’s Library: Actions Needed to Improve Usefulness (No. T-HRD-92-18). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Miranda, P.J., 2015. Tightly-coupled sulfur-cycling microbial mats of the White Point hydrothermal vent field, CA: An analog for deep-sea vents (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse, L., 2007. Case of Texas Murderer Engrosses Supreme Court. New York Times A24.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Stuessy, 2006).
This sentence cites two references (Etterson and Shaw, 2001; Stuessy, 2006).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Etterson and Shaw, 2001)
Three or more authors: (Fiebig et al., 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology
Abbreviation	Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.
ISSN (print)	0041-008X
Scope	Pharmacology Toxicology