How to format your references using the Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Remer, L.A., 2014. Atmospheric science. Just add aerosols. Science 344, 1089.

A journal article with 2 authors

Embley, T.M., Martin, W., 2006. Eukaryotic evolution, changes and challenges. Nature 440, 623–630.

A journal article with 3 authors

Johnson, P.T.J., de Roode, J.C., Fenton, A., 2015. Why infectious disease research needs community ecology. Science 349, 1259504.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Ahn, S.J., Moon, P., Kim, T.-H., Kim, H.-W., Shin, H.-C., Kim, E.H., Cha, H.W., Kahng, S.-J., Kim, P., Koshino, M., Son, Y.-W., Yang, C.-W., Ahn, J.R., 2018. Dirac electrons in a dodecagonal graphene quasicrystal. Science 361, 782–786.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Stone, R., Gutiérrez-Albilla, J.D., 2013. A Companion to Luis Buñuel. Blackwell Publishing Ltd, Oxford, UK.

An edited book

Matthew, N., 2005. Beginning Databases with PostgreSQL: From Novice to Professional, Second Edition. ed. Apress, Berkeley, CA.

A chapter in an edited book

Chabaud, D., Hautefort, A.L. d’, Saussier, S., 2011. Incentives and Control in Company-Owned Versus Franchised Outlets: An Empirical Study at the Chain Level, in: Tuunanen, M., Windsperger, J., Cliquet, G., Hendrikse, G. (Eds.), New Developments in the Theory of Networks: Franchising, Alliances and Cooperatives, Contributions to Management Science. Physica-Verlag HD, Heidelberg, pp. 59–74.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology.

Blog post

Fang, J., 2016. Titanosaur Babies Were Surprisingly Precocious [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/titanosaur-babies-were-surprisingly-precocious/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1988. Competition in the Airline Computerized Reservation System Industry (No. T-RCED-88-62). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Winkelhake, B., 2015. Verbal argumentativeness: A study of retail store managers (Doctoral dissertation). University of Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Mueller, B., Baker, A.L., 2016. Death, Mistrust and Too Few Officers. New York Times A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Remer, 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Embley and Martin, 2006; Remer, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Embley and Martin, 2006)
Three or more authors: (Ahn et al., 2018)

About the journal

Full journal title	Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology
Abbreviation	Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.
ISSN (print)	0041-008X
Scope	Pharmacology Toxicology