How to format your references using the Topology and its Applications citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Topology and its Applications. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

C.D. Smolke, Cell biology. It’s the DNA that counts, Science 324 (2009) 1156–1157.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

R. Bremner, J. Sage, Cancer: The origin of human retinoblastoma, Nature 514 (2014) 312–313.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Y. Cai, G. Zhang, Y.-W. Zhang, Layer-dependent band alignment and work function of few-layer phosphorene, Sci. Rep. 4 (2014) 6677.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

P.B. Wignall, J.M. McArthur, C.T.S. Little, A. Hallam, Palaeoceanography: methane release in the Early Jurassic period, Nature 441 (2006) E5; discussion E5-6.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

S. Ward, TraderMind, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2014.

An edited book

[1]

N.T. Nguyen, B. Trawiński, J.J. Jung, eds., New Challenges for Intelligent Information and Database Systems, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

O. Bucur, P. Beaune, O. Boissier, Steps Towards Making Contextualized Decisions: How to Do What You Can, with What You Have, Where You Are, in: T.R. Roth-Berghofer, S. Schulz, D.B. Leake (Eds.), Modeling and Retrieval of Context: Second International Workshop, MRC 2005, Edinburgh, UK, July 31–August 1, 2005, Revised Selected Papers, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2006: pp. 62–85.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Topology and its Applications.

Blog post

[1]

E. Andrew, The Science of Naming New Discoveries, IFLScience (2013). https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/science-naming-new-discoveries/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Reasons for Ending Financial Support to the Dimmitt Independent School District Follow Through Project, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1972.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

T. Hsueh, ENV9, a novel gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is responsible for the pleiotropic phenotype of env9Δ and encodes a membrane protein that is localized to lipid droplets, Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

G. Vecsey, Echoes of Glory Fade at a Fork in the Road, New York Times (2009) B15.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Topology and its Applications
Abbreviation	Topol. Appl.
ISSN (print)	0166-8641
Scope	Geometry and Topology