How to format your references using the Topology and its Applications citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Topology and its Applications. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

H. Hoag, Gene therapy rising?, Nature 435 (2005) 530–531.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

H.-J. Jang, W.-J. Cho, Performance enhancement of capacitive-coupling dual-gate ion-sensitive field-effect transistor in ultra-thin-body, Sci. Rep. 4 (2014) 5284.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

H.J. Kennedy, A.C. Crawford, R. Fettiplace, Force generation by mammalian hair bundles supports a role in cochlear amplification, Nature 433 (2005) 880–883.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

R.Y.H. Lim, B. Fahrenkrog, J. Köser, K. Schwarz-Herion, J. Deng, U. Aebi, Nanomechanical basis of selective gating by the nuclear pore complex, Science 318 (2007) 640–643.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

R.R. Crichton, R.J. Ward, Metal-based Neurodegeneration, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2006.

An edited book

[1]

D.T. Cat, A. Pucci, K. Wandelt, eds., Physics and Engineering of New Materials, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

X. Liu, J. Kline, Selection and Monitoring of Patients for Immunotherapy (Peptide Vaccines), in: Y. Nakamura (Ed.), Immunopharmacogenomics, Springer Japan, Tokyo, 2015: pp. 63–84.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Topology and its Applications.

Blog post

[1]

E. Andrew, Would You Lie Tilted Backwards For 60 Days For Science?, IFLScience (2015).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Additional Costs to Government: Reflagging Kuwaiti Ships and Protecting Them in the Persian Gulf, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1987.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

S. Richardson, Individual sense of efficacy, collective teacher efficacy and student achievement in high achieving and low achieving urban public schools, Doctoral dissertation, Pepperdine University, 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

B. Brantley, Rolling Stones, Gathering Regrets, New York Times (2017) C4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Topology and its Applications
Abbreviation	Topol. Appl.
ISSN (print)	0166-8641
Scope	Geometry and Topology