How to format your references using the Topoi citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Topoi. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Vaupel JW (2010) Biodemography of human ageing. Nature 464:536–542

A journal article with 2 authors

Chen D, Ma XL (2013) Local decomposition induced by dislocation motions inside tetragonal Al(2)Cu compound: slip system-dependent dynamics. Sci Rep 3:3157

A journal article with 3 authors

Nosil P, Crespi BJ, Sandoval CP (2002) Host-plant adaptation drives the parallel evolution of reproductive isolation. Nature 417:440–443

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Tan X, Calderon-Villalobos LIA, Sharon M, et al (2007) Mechanism of auxin perception by the TIR1 ubiquitin ligase. Nature 446:640–645

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Birke D (2013) Social Networks and their Economics. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Giannotti F, Pedreschi D (eds) (2008) Mobility, Data Mining and Privacy: Geographic Knowledge Discovery. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Kryazhev YG, Solodovnichenko VS, Drozdov VA, Likholobov VA (2011) Carbon Adsorbents with Adjustable Porous Structure Formed in the Chemical Dehydro-Halogenation of Halogenated Polymers. In: Mikhalovsky S, Khajibaev A (eds) Biodefence: Advanced Materials and Methods for Health Protection. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 33–40

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Topoi.

Blog post

Carpineti C (2017) Polar Bear Walks On a Treadmill For Science. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/polar-bear-walks-on-a-treadmill-for-science/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2005) Head Start: Comprehensive Approach to Identifying and Addressing Risks Could Help Prevent Grantee Financial Management Weaknesses. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bearden BA (2008) Followership as perceived by leaders in a multidisciplinary healthcare organization. Doctoral dissertation, University of Phoenix

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey G (2010) A Foreign Game Looks Very American. New York Times B12

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Vaupel 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Vaupel 2010; Chen and Ma 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Chen and Ma 2013)
Three or more authors: (Tan et al. 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Topoi
Abbreviation	Topoi (Dordr.)
ISSN (print)	0167-7411
ISSN (online)	1572-8749
Scope	Philosophy