How to format your references using the Theory and Society citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Theory and Society. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ciesla, F. J. (2007). Outward transport of high-temperature materials around the midplane of the solar nebula. Science (New York, N.Y.), 318(5850), 613–615.

A journal article with 2 authors

Smaglik, P., & Smith, A. (2002). A route to flexible working. Nature, 415(6872), 4–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

Miner-Williams, W. M., Moughan, P. J., & Fuller, M. F. (2013). Analysis of an ethanol precipitate from ileal digesta: evaluation of a method to determine mucin. Scientific reports, 3, 3145.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Ekstrom, L. B., Roelfsema, P. R., Arsenault, J. T., Bonmassar, G., & Vanduffel, W. (2008). Bottom-up dependent gating of frontal signals in early visual cortex. Science (New York, N.Y.), 321(5887), 414–417.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ccps. (2017). Guidelines for Combustible Dust Hazard Analysis. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Whitacre, D. M. (Ed.). (2008). Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (Vol. 195). New York, NY: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Kar-Narayan, S., Crossley, S., & Mathur, N. D. (2014). Electrocaloric Multilayer Capacitors. In T. Correia & Q. Zhang (Eds.), Electrocaloric Materials: New Generation of Coolers (pp. 91–105). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Theory and Society.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2017, January 21). High Blood Pressure May Protect Over-80s From Dementia. IFLScience. IFLScience. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1990). Promising Practice: Private Programs Guaranteeing Student Aid for Higher Education (No. PEMD-90-16). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Giuseffi, F. G. (2014). Investigation of the Influence of the Socratic Method on Leadership Skills among JROTC Cadet Leaders at a Military Boarding School (Doctoral dissertation). Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Barron, J. (2016, August 29). Now Arriving on the New York Subway: Free E-Books, Timed for Your Commute. New York Times, p. A15.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Ciesla 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Ciesla 2007; Smaglik and Smith 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Smaglik and Smith 2002)
Three or more authors: (Ekstrom et al. 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Theory and Society
Abbreviation	Theory Soc.
ISSN (print)	0304-2421
ISSN (online)	1573-7853
Scope	History Sociology and Political Science