How to format your references using the Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Chi, Kelly Rae. 2009. “Microscopy: Ever-Increasing Resolution.” Nature 462 (7273): 675–678.

A journal article with 2 authors

Meyer, Justin R., and Rees Kassen. 2007. “The Effects of Competition and Predation on Diversification in a Model Adaptive Radiation.” Nature 446 (7134): 432–435.

A journal article with 3 authors

Scarf, Damian, Harlene Hayne, and Michael Colombo. 2011. “Pigeons on Par with Primates in Numerical Competence.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 334 (6063): 1664.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Latorre, Daniela, Ulf Kallweit, Eric Armentani, Mathilde Foglierini, Federico Mele, Antonino Cassotta, Sandra Jovic, et al. 2018. “T Cells in Patients with Narcolepsy Target Self-Antigens of Hypocretin Neurons.” Nature 562 (7725): 63–68.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Teague, Kevin Anthony, and Nicole Gallicchio. 2017. The Evolution of Meteorology. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Navratil, Gerhard, ed. 2009. Research Trends in Geographic Information Science. Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Ferrari, Adriano. 2010. “Perceptive Defects.” In The Spastic Forms of Cerebral Palsy: A Guide to the Assessment of Adaptive Functions, edited by Giovanni Cioni, 73–98. Milano: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science.

Blog post

Fang, Janet. 2014. “Caught on Camera: Sword-Wielding Sailfish Slashing Sardines.” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/caught-camera-sword-wielding-sailfish-slashing-sardines/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1972. Improved Use of Cargo Space on Ammunition Ships by BetterPlanning. B-133025. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Tucker, Christine Michelle. 2010. “End-Stage Renal Disease Patients and Dialysis: Can Consistent Transportation Influence Quality of Life and Treatment Compliance? A Grant Writing Project.” Doctoral dissertation, Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse, Linda. 2006. “Justices Weigh Limits on Punitive Damages.” New York Times, November 1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Chi 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Chi 2009; Meyer and Kassen 2007).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Meyer and Kassen 2007)
Three authors: (Scarf, Hayne, and Colombo 2011)
4 or more authors: (Latorre et al. 2018)

About the journal

Full journal title	Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science
Abbreviation	Theor. Issues Ergon.
ISSN (print)	1463-922X
ISSN (online)	1464-536X
Scope	Human Factors and Ergonomics