How to format your references using the Hong Kong Journal of Ophthalmology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Hong Kong Journal of Ophthalmology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bennett VC. Geophysics. Probing the mantle past. Science. 2012 Mar 2;335(6072):1051–2.

A journal article with 2 authors

Greaves M, Maley CC. Clonal evolution in cancer. Nature. 2012 Jan 18;481(7381):306–13.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lam E, Kato N, Lawton M. Programmed cell death, mitochondria and the plant hypersensitive response. Nature. 2001 Jun 14;411(6839):848–53.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Das N, Chatterjee S, Kumar S, Pradhan A, Panigrahi P, Vitkin IA, et al. Tissue multifractality and Born approximation in analysis of light scattering: a novel approach for precancers detection. Sci Rep. 2014 Aug 20;4:6129.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Smith C, Meeking D. How to Succeed at the Medical Interview. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2013.

An edited book

Bray GA, Ryan DH, editors. Overweight and the Metabolic Syndrome: From Bench to Bedside. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2006. XXII, 336 p. 80 illus. (Endocrine Updates; vol. 26).

A chapter in an edited book

Fukuda Y. Monitoring Groundwater Variations Using Precise Gravimetry on Land and from Space. In: Taniguchi M, editor. Groundwater and Subsurface Environments: Human Impacts in Asian Coastal Cities. Tokyo: Springer Japan; 2011. p. 85–112.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Hong Kong Journal of Ophthalmology.

Blog post

O`Callaghan J. Highlights From SpaceX’s Latest Historic Rocket Launch And Landing [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/highlights-from-spacexs-latest-historic-rocket-launch-and-landing/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Year 2000 Computing Crisis: Leadership Needed to Collect and Disseminate Critical Biomedical Equipment Information. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1998 Sep. Report No.: T-AIMD-98-310.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Haghighat R. An optimization model to allocate budget in school rehabilitation projects [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner J. Dodgers, Mindful of Last Year’s Failure, Start Quickly Against Cubs. New York Times. 2017 Oct 15;SP6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Hong Kong Journal of Ophthalmology
Abbreviation	Hong Kong J. Ophthalmol.
ISSN (print)	1027-8230
Scope

Research and Writing Guides