How to format your references using the Theoretical and Applied Genetics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Theoretical and Applied Genetics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Tromans A (2001) Entomology. The alkaloid defence. Nature 409:28

A journal article with 2 authors

Wolff EW, British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK. ewwo@bas.ac.uk (2003) Ocean science. Whither Antarctic sea ice? Science 302:1164

A journal article with 3 authors

Finn CA, Sisson TW, Deszcz-Pan M (2001) Aerogeophysical measurements of collapse-prone hydrothermally altered zones at Mount Rainier volcano. Nature 409:600–603

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Melillo JM, Steudler PA, Aber JD, et al (2002) Soil warming and carbon-cycle feedbacks to the climate system. Science 298:2173–2176

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Motai Ph.D. Y (2015) Data-Variant Kernel Analysis. John Wiley & Sons, Inc, Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Arnold M, Schiehlen W (eds) (2009) Simulation Techniques for Applied Dynamics. Springer, Vienna

A chapter in an edited book

Hühnerfuss H (2006) Basic physicochemical principles of monomolecular sea slicks and crude oil spills. In: Gade M, Hühnerfuss H, Korenowski GM (eds) Marine Surface Films: Chemical Characteristics, Influence on Air-Sea Interactions and Remote Sensing. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 21–35

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Theoretical and Applied Genetics.

Blog post

Fang J (2014) Ferocious Extinct Fox Fossils Found In Tibet. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/ferocious-extinct-fox-fossils-found-tibet/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2003) Geographic Information Systems: Challenges to Effective Data Sharing. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Chen AP (2008) An efficient algorithm for calculating fluctuation field and simulating the thermal magnetic aftereffect. Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Schembari J (2016) A Father, a Son and the Porsche They Went In On Together. New York Times B4

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Tromans 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Tromans 2001; Wolff and British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK. ewwo@bas.ac.uk 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Wolff and British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK. ewwo@bas.ac.uk 2003)
Three or more authors: (Melillo et al. 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Theoretical and Applied Genetics
Abbreviation	Züchter Genet. Breed. Res.
ISSN (print)	0040-5752
ISSN (online)	1432-2242
Scope	Agronomy and Crop Science Biotechnology Genetics General Medicine