How to format your references using the The Oncologist citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Oncologist. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lee PA. High-temperature superconductors. Some vortices like it hot. Nature 2000;406:467–468.

A journal article with 2 authors

Ellegren H, Sheldon BC. Genetic basis of fitness differences in natural populations. Nature 2008;452:169–175.

A journal article with 3 authors

Dhuime B, Hawkesworth C, Cawood P. Geochemistry. When continents formed. Science 2011;331:154–155.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Flores ER, Tsai KY, Crowley D et al. p63 and p73 are required for p53-dependent apoptosis in response to DNA damage. Nature 2002;416:560–564.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Valière J-C. Acoustic Particle Velocity Measurements Using Lasers. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014.

An edited book

Ioannides M, Fink E, Moropoulou A et al., eds. Digital Heritage. Progress in Cultural Heritage: Documentation, Preservation, and Protection: 6th International Conference, EuroMed 2016, Nicosia, Cyprus, October 31 – November 5, 2016, Proceedings, Part II. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016: 1-XXVII, 295 p. 118 illus.

A chapter in an edited book

Ma EYT, Kremer SC. Neural Grammar Networks. In: Bianchini M, Maggini M, Scarselli F et al., eds. Innovations in Neural Information Paradigms and Applications. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2009: 67–96.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Oncologist.

Blog post

O`Callaghan J. New Crab Species Honors Harry Potter (And The Crustacean Of Secrets). IFLScience. 2017.Available at https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/new-crab-species-honors-harry-potter-and-the-crustacean-of-secrets/. Accessed October 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Credit Reporting Literacy: Consumers Understood the Basics but Could Benefit from Targeted Educational Efforts. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2005.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Khatib E. A phenomenological study on the potential impact of implementing information systems in midsize corporations. 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kishkovsky S. An Opera Is Updated, and a Diva Is Displeased. New York Times. 2006;:E6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	The Oncologist
Abbreviation	Oncologist
ISSN (print)	1083-7159
ISSN (online)	1549-490X
Scope	Cancer Research Oncology