How to format your references using the The Oncologist citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Oncologist. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Berner RA. The long-term carbon cycle, fossil fuels and atmospheric composition. Nature 2003;426:323–326.

A journal article with 2 authors

McCann KL, Baserga SJ. Genetics. Mysterious ribosomopathies. Science 2013;341:849–850.

A journal article with 3 authors

Meyron-Holtz EG, Ghosh MC, Rouault TA. Mammalian tissue oxygen levels modulate iron-regulatory protein activities in vivo. Science 2004;306:2087–2090.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Wang B, Matsuoka S, Carpenter PB et al. 53BP1, a mediator of the DNA damage checkpoint. Science 2002;298:1435–1438.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Noldus R. CAMEL. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2006.

An edited book

Kolonin MG, ed. Adipose Tissue and Cancer. New York, NY: Springer, 2013: 1-VIII, 190 p.

A chapter in an edited book

Khassanchine RH, Timofeev AN, Galygin AN et al. INFLUENCE OF ELECTRON RADIATION ON OUTGASSING OF SPACECRAFT MATERIALS. In: Kleiman JI, ed. PROTECTION OF MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES FROM THE SPACE ENVIRONMENT. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2006: 43–50.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Oncologist.

Blog post

Luntz S. Galactic Cluster’s Mass Mapped With Unprecedented Precision. IFLScience. 2014.Available at https://www.iflscience.com/space/galactic-clusters-mass-mapped-unprecedented-precision/. Accessed October 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Basic Sources of International Petroleum Statistics. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1980.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Thiss PJ. Effects of dedicated academic support services on the persistence rates of California Community College student-athletes. 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow K. Writers Are Halted Mid-Sentence as a Y Cancels Classes. New York Times. 2001;:147.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	The Oncologist
Abbreviation	Oncologist
ISSN (print)	1083-7159
ISSN (online)	1549-490X
Scope	Cancer Research Oncology