How to format your references using the Engineering Research Express citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Engineering Research Express. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Sánchez-Lavega A 2005 How long is the day on Saturn? Science 307 1223–4

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Ferdinand N K and Opitz B 2014 Different aspects of performance feedback engage different brain areas: disentangling valence and expectancy in feedback processing Sci. Rep. 4 5986

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Lund D C, Lynch-Stieglitz J and Curry W B 2006 Gulf Stream density structure and transport during the past millennium Nature 444 601–4

A journal article with 99 or more authors

[1]

Yao H, Price T T, Cantelli G, Ngo B, Warner M J, Olivere L, Ridge S M, Jablonski E M, Therrien J, Tannheimer S, McCall C M, Chenn A and Sipkins D A 2018 Leukaemia hijacks a neural mechanism to invade the central nervous system Nature 560 55–60

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

André É and Soulat R 2013 The Inverse Method (Hoboken, NJ USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.)

An edited book

[1]

Bennetzen J L and Hake S C 2009 Handbook of Maize: Its Biology (New York, NY: Springer)

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Calder A C 2005 Laboratory Astrophysics Experiments for Simulation Code Validation: A Case Study High Energy Density Laboratory Astrophysics ed G A Kyrala (Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands) pp 25–32

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Engineering Research Express.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E 2014 10 Deadliest Diseases in Human History IFLScience

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office 1982 Can the Federal Communications Commission Successfully Implement Its Computer II Decision? (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Chalmers T D 2009 The social context of advertising: Authenticity, social identity, and reflected appraisals Doctoral dissertation (Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Barron J 2017 Trinity Church Is Sued For Moving a Sculpture New York Times C3

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Engineering Research Express
ISSN (online)	2631-8695
Scope