How to format your references using the The Ocular Surface citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Ocular Surface. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Jain RK. Normalization of tumor vasculature: an emerging concept in antiangiogenic therapy. Science 2005;307:58–62.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Scolnick DM, Halazonetis TD. Chfr defines a mitotic stress checkpoint that delays entry into metaphase. Nature 2000;406:430–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Allison KR, Brynildsen MP, Collins JJ. Metabolite-enabled eradication of bacterial persisters by aminoglycosides. Nature 2011;473:216–20.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Antonini C, Lee JB, Maitra T, Irvine S, Derome D, Tiwari MK, et al. Unraveling wetting transition through surface textures with X-rays: liquid meniscus penetration phenomena. Sci Rep 2014;4:4055.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Carvalho MC. Practical Laboratory Automation. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2016.

An edited book

[1]

Doi S. Computational Electrophysiology: Dynamical Systems and Bifurcations. vol. 2. Tokyo: Springer Japan; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

James JW. Discussion. In: Werf J van der, Graser H-U, Frankham R, Gondro C, editors. Adaptation and Fitness in Animal Populations: Evolutionary and Breeding Perspectives on Genetic Resource Management, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2009, p. 53–5.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Ocular Surface.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. There’s Another Way To Combat Climate Change — But Let’s Not Call It Geoengineering. IFLScience 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Commercial Aviation: Issues Regarding Federal Assistance for Enhancing Air Service to Small Communities. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2003.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Heckman KA. Pedogenesis & carbon dynamics across a lithosequence under ponderosa pine. Doctoral dissertation. University of Arizona, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Greenhouse L. Justices Hear Arguments About Pacts On Pricing. New York Times 2007:C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	The Ocular Surface
Abbreviation	Ocul. Surf.
ISSN (print)	1542-0124
Scope	Ophthalmology