How to format your references using the The Ocular Surface citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Ocular Surface. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Macilwain C. US considers moves to relieve morale crisis at energy labs. Nature 2000;407:547–8.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Madin JS, Connolly SR. Ecological consequences of major hydrodynamic disturbances on coral reefs. Nature 2006;444:477–80.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Turalska M, West BJ, Grigolini P. Role of committed minorities in times of crisis. Sci Rep 2013;3:1371.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Huppert SS, Le A, Schroeter EH, Mumm JS, Saxena MT, Milner LA, et al. Embryonic lethality in mice homozygous for a processing-deficient allele of Notch1. Nature 2000;405:966–70.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Dorronsoro B, Ruiz P, Danoy G, Pigné Y, Bouvry P. Evolutionary Algorithms for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2014.

An edited book

[1]

Fathi M, Holland A, Ansari F, Weber C, editors. Integrated Systems, Design and Technology 2010: Knowledge Transfer in New Technologies. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Chen D, Lin C. Crystal Growth and Characterization of NaxCoO2 and NaxCoO2·yH2O. In: Lin C, Maljuk A, Zhou F, editors. Growth and Characterization of Bulk Superconductor Material, Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016, p. 115–42.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Ocular Surface.

Blog post

[1]

Fang J. Hawks Help Protect Hummingbird Nests From Ravenous Jays. IFLScience 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Federal Communications Commission: Implementation of the Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1999.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Williams-Newball TI. Domain, Community and Practice: An Empirical Investigation of the Relationship Between Communities of Practice and Professional Identity Among Veterinarians. Doctoral dissertation. George Washington University, 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Greenhouse L. Justices Express Skepticism in a Discrimination Case. New York Times 2007:A26.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	The Ocular Surface
Abbreviation	Ocul. Surf.
ISSN (print)	1542-0124
Scope	Ophthalmology