How to format your references using the The Ocular Surface citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Ocular Surface. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Masood E. Expert assessments can work if lessons are learned. Nature 2012;490:145.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Mather J, Mao M. Astronomy: A conversation about observation. Nature 2012;490:S5-7.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Post DM, Pace ML, Hairston NG Jr. Ecosystem size determines food-chain length in lakes. Nature 2000;405:1047–9.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Novotny V, Drozd P, Miller SE, Kulfan M, Janda M, Basset Y, et al. Why are there so many species of herbivorous insects in tropical rainforests? Science 2006;313:1115–8.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Center for Chemical Process Safety. Guidelines for Analyzing and Managing the Security Vulnerabilities of Fixed Chemical Sites. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2003.

An edited book

[1]

Simpson R. Gender, Class and Occupation: Working Class Men doing Dirty Work. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Dillane D, Tsui BCH. Use of Nerve Stimulation and Stimulating Catheters in the Ultrasound Era. In: Peng P, editor. Regional Nerve Blocks in Anesthesia and Pain Therapy: Traditional and Ultrasound-Guided Techniques, Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015, p. 57–65.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Ocular Surface.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. Have Scientists Really Invented A Test That Can Detect Cancer From A Single Drop Of Blood? IFLScience 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/have-scientists-invented-cancer-test-only-requires-drop-blood0/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Electronic Surveillance: Technologies Continue to Pose Challenges. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1994.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Ashirgade A. Mechanistic study of the rubber-brass adhesion interphase. Doctoral dissertation. University of Cincinnati, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Smith M. Minneapolis Police Chief Is Forced Out. New York Times 2017:A12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	The Ocular Surface
Abbreviation	Ocul. Surf.
ISSN (print)	1542-0124
Scope	Ophthalmology