How to format your references using the The Ocular Surface citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Ocular Surface. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Sinclair DA. Cell biology. An age of instability. Science 2003;301:1859–60.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Sherwood S, Fu Q. Climate change. A drier future? Science 2014;343:737–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Talkington MWT, Siuzdak G, Williamson JR. An assembly landscape for the 30S ribosomal subunit. Nature 2005;438:628–32.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Li W, Howard JD, Parrish TB, Gottfried JA. Aversive learning enhances perceptual and cortical discrimination of indiscriminable odor cues. Science 2008;319:1842–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Nagasawa M. Physical Chemistry of Polyelectrolyte Solutions: Advances in Chemical Physics. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2015.

An edited book

[1]

From PJ. Vehicle-Manipulator Systems: Modeling for Simulation, Analysis, and Control. London: Springer; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Flotats A, Carrió I. Myocardial Perfusion Scintigraphy. In: Anagnostopoulos CD, Nihoyannopoulos P, Bax JJ, Wall E van der, editors. Noninvasive Imaging of Myocardial Ischemia, London: Springer; 2006, p. 57–77.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Ocular Surface.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. New Species of Microbes That ‘Breathe’ Sulfate Discovered Under Ocean Crust. IFLScience 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Information Technology: Health Care Financing Administration’s Budget Process Needs Improvement. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1989.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Davidson AR. Computerized physician order entry: An outlook on successful implementation among ambulatory care settings. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Chapman MM. In Michigan, Homage to the Auto’s Heritage. New York Times 2010:AU4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	The Ocular Surface
Abbreviation	Ocul. Surf.
ISSN (print)	1542-0124
Scope	Ophthalmology