How to format your references using the The Ocular Surface citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Ocular Surface. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Smith C. Genomics: SNPs and human disease. Nature 2005;435:993.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Eisen JA, Fraser CM. Phylogenomics: intersection of evolution and genomics. Science 2003;300:1706–7.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Deslauriers L, Schelew E, Wieman C. Improved learning in a large-enrollment physics class. Science 2011;332:862–4.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

De Nadal E, Zapater M, Alepuz PM, Sumoy L, Mas G, Posas F. The MAPK Hog1 recruits Rpd3 histone deacetylase to activate osmoresponsive genes. Nature 2004;427:370–4.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Kanel GC. Pathology of Liver Diseases. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2017.

An edited book

[1]

Boulding JR, editor. Elise Boulding: Writings on Feminism, the Family and Quakerism. vol. 8. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Ren F, Zhai J. Essential Channels for the Communication and Popularization of Science and Technology. In: Zhai J, editor. Communication and Popularization of Science and Technology in China, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2014, p. 85–126.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Ocular Surface.

Blog post

[1]

Hamilton K. Robot Rights: At What Point Should An Intelligent Machine Be Considered A “Person’? IFLScience 2017. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/robot-rights-at-what-point-should-an-intelligent-machine-be-considered-a-person/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Increased Use of Expanded Function Dental Auxiliaries Would Benefit Consumers, Dentists, and Taxpayers. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1980.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Beaven L. Epiphanies of soul: “When the bolts of the universe fly open.” A depth psychological contemplation of wonder. Doctoral dissertation. Pacifica Graduate Institute, 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Photographs by GEORGE ETHEREDGE for THE NEW YORK TIMES. The Color Red. New York Times 2017:RE12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	The Ocular Surface
Abbreviation	Ocul. Surf.
ISSN (print)	1542-0124
Scope	Ophthalmology