How to format your references using the The National Medical Journal of India citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The National Medical Journal of India. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Koenig R. IRANIAN SCIENCE: Iran’s Scientists Cautiously Reach Out to the World. Science 2000;290:1484–87.

A journal article with 2 authors

Moore KA, Lemischka IR. Stem cells and their niches. Science 2006;311:1880–85.

A journal article with 3 authors

Gürerk O, Irlenbusch B, Rockenbach B. The competitive advantage of sanctioning institutions. Science 2006;312:108–11.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Liu Y-P, Suksanpaisan L, Steele MB, Russell SJ, Peng K-W. Induction of antiviral genes by the tumor microenvironment confers resistance to virotherapy. Sci Rep 2013;3:2375.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ellis R. Language Teaching Research and Language Pedagogy. Chichester, UK:John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2012.

An edited book

Bartolo BD, Collins J, editors. Biophotonics: Spectroscopy, Imaging, Sensing, and Manipulation. Dordrecht:Springer Netherlands; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

Klimberg VS, Douek M. Axillary Reverse Mapping (ARM) as a Means to Reduce Lymphedema During Sentinel Lymph Node or Axillary Node Dissection. In: Toi M, Winer E, Benson J, Klimberg S (eds.). Personalized Treatment of Breast Cancer. Tokyo:Springer Japan; 2016:63–76.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The National Medical Journal of India.

Blog post

O`Callaghan J. Mars Seems More And More Habitable The Closer We Look. IFLScience. 2017; published online June 1. Available at https://www.iflscience.com/space/mars-seems-more-and-more-habitable-the-closer-we-look/ (accessed on 30 Oct 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. [Comments on GAO Legal Opinion on DOT Authority to Requisition Vessels of U.S. Citizens]. Washington, DC:U.S. Government Printing Office; 1988.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Truong T. Microfluidics-based system for high-throughput analysis of nitrite in harbor water. 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Williams J. Hey, Modernity, They’re Just Not Into You. New York Times. 2017;:C2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	The National Medical Journal of India
Abbreviation	Natl. Med. J. India
ISSN (print)	0970-258X
Scope	General Medicine