How to format your references using the The Lichenologist citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Lichenologist. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Church, J. A. (2007) Oceans. A change in circulation? Science (New York, N.Y.) 317: 908–909.

A journal article with 2 authors

Chatterjee, S. & Callaway, E. M. (2003) Parallel colour-opponent pathways to primary visual cortex. Nature 426: 668–671.

A journal article with 3 authors

Navarrete, A., van Schaik, C. P. & Isler, K. (2011) Energetics and the evolution of human brain size. Nature 480: 91–93.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Liu, J., Wang, X.-P., Cho, S., Lim, B. K., Irwin, D. M., Ryder, O. A., Zhang, Y.-P. & Yu, L. (2014) Evolutionary and functional novelty of pancreatic ribonuclease: a study of Musteloidea (order Carnivora). Scientific reports 4: 5070.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Chiasson, A. D. (2016) Geothermal Heat Pump and Heat Engine Systems. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Gasiński, L. (2016) Exercises in Analysis: Part 2: Nonlinear Analysis (NS Papageorgiou, Ed.). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Fieldsend, J. E. (2009) Optimizing Decision Trees Using Multi-objective Particle Swarm Optimization. Swarm Intelligence for Multi-objective Problems in Data Mining Studies in Computational Intelligence. (C. A. C. Coello, (S. Dehuri & (S. Ghosh, eds): pp. 93–114. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Lichenologist.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015) New Study Finds Marijuana Safer Than Alcohol Or Tobacco. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2000) Information Technology: INS Needs to Strengthen Its Investment Management Capability. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Marmolejo, R. (2013) Drop-in center for homeless veteran families: A grant proposal.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Lee, L. (2015) Knit 1, Curl Up 2. New York Times: D3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Church 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Chatterjee & Callaway 2003; Church 2007).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Chatterjee & Callaway 2003)
Three or more authors: (Liu et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	The Lichenologist
Abbreviation	Lichenologist
ISSN (print)	0024-2829
ISSN (online)	1096-1135
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics