How to format your references using the American Journal of Surgical Pathology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for American Journal of Surgical Pathology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Goebel T. Anthropology. The missing years for modern humans. Science 2007;315:194–196.

A journal article with 2 authors

Di Domizio J, Gilliet M. SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY. Designer cells finely tuned for therapy. Science 2015;350:1478–1479.

A journal article with 3 authors

Mooney H, Cropper A, Reid W. Confronting the human dilemma. Nature 2005;434:561–562.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Ulloa Ulloa C, Acevedo-Rodríguez P, Beck S, et al. An integrated assessment of the vascular plant species of the Americas. Science 2017;358:1614–1617.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Grose M. Construction Law in the United Arab Emirates and the Gulf. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2016.

An edited book

Hacke U, ed. Functional and Ecological Xylem Anatomy. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Fitzclarence L. Reflections on the Deakin Assemblage Of/For the Critical Project. In: Tinning R, Sirna K, eds. Education, Social Justice and the Legacy of Deakin University: Reflections of the Deakin Diaspora. Rotterdam: SensePublishers; 2011:41–52.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for American Journal of Surgical Pathology.

Blog post

Fang J. How Much Sleep Do You Really Need? IFLScience 2014. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/how-much-sleep-do-you-really-need/. Accessed October 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Status of the Air Force’s Missile X Program. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1978.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Cline D. Criminal faces: Clinical experiences of forensic artists. 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey G. Pioneers Continue To Shepherd Women’s Basketball. New York Times. August 19, 2010:B14.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	American Journal of Surgical Pathology
Abbreviation	Am. J. Surg. Pathol.
ISSN (print)	0147-5185
ISSN (online)	1532-0979
Scope	Anatomy Pathology and Forensic Medicine Surgery

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