How to format your references using the The Lancet Neurology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Lancet Neurology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Wang K. Geophysics. Finding fault in fault zones. Science 2010; 329: 152–3.

A journal article with 2 authors

Bermingham E, Dick C. Ecology and evolution. The Inga--newcomer or museum antiquity? Science 2001; 293: 2214–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

Scott BA, Avidan MS, Crowder CM. Regulation of hypoxic death in C. elegans by the insulin/IGF receptor homolog DAF-2. Science 2002; 296: 2388–91.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Salge JR, Dreyer BJ, Dauenhauer PJ, Schmidt LD. Renewable hydrogen from nonvolatile fuels by reactive flash volatilization. Science 2006; 314: 801–4.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

MacIsaac B, Langton R. Gas Turbine Propulsion Systems. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2011.

An edited book

Craciun A, Schaffer S, editors. The Material Cultures of Enlightenment Arts and Sciences. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Cevasco R, Moreno D. Rural Landscapes: The Historical Roots of Biodiversity. In: Agnoletti M, ed. Italian Historical Rural Landscapes: Cultural Values for the Environment and Rural Development. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013: 141–52.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Lancet Neurology.

Blog post

Hamilton K. Two Children in Every Class Start School With An Unexplained Language Disorder. IFLScience. 2016; published online June 21. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/two-children-in-every-class-start-school-with-an-unexplained-language-disorder/ (accessed Oct 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Charges for Launch Support Services Furnished by the Air Force to the Communications Satellite Corporation (Comsat). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1971.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Tom DM. Impact on achievement with ST math after school instruction. 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Johnson G. Dark Matter’s Deep Reach. New York Times. 2015; : D4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	The Lancet Neurology
Abbreviation	Lancet Neurol.
ISSN (print)	1474-4422
ISSN (online)	1474-4465
Scope	Clinical Neurology