How to format your references using the The Knee citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Knee. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Corbyn Z. Science education: Research on the reservation. Nature 2011;471:25–6.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Demirdöven N, Deutch J. Hybrid cars now, fuel cell cars later. Science 2004;305:974–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Arimbasseri AG, Kassavetis GA, Maraia RJ. Transcription. Comment on “Mechanism of eukaryotic RNA polymerase III transcription termination.” Science 2014;345:524.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Brennand KJ, Simone A, Jou J, Gelboin-Burkhart C, Tran N, Sangar S, et al. Modelling schizophrenia using human induced pluripotent stem cells. Nature 2011;473:221–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Anichini G, Carraro F, Geslin P, Guille-Escuret G. Technicity vs Scientificity. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2017.

An edited book

[1]

Cardoso J, Guerra F, Houben G-J, Pinto AM, Velegrakis Y, editors. Semantic Keyword-based Search on Structured Data Sources: First COST Action IC1302 International KEYSTONE Conference, IKC 2015, Coimbra, Portugal, September 8-9, 2015. Revised Selected Papers. vol. 9398. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Hokstad P, Utne IB, Vatn J. Interdependency Modelling in Risk Analysis. In: Hokstad P, Utne IB, Vatn J, editors. Risk and Interdependencies in Critical Infrastructures: A Guideline for Analysis, London: Springer; 2012, p. 35–48.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Knee.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. Scientist Turns To Crowd-Funding To Continue Research. IFLScience 2014.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Information Technology: FBI Needs an Enterprise Architecture to Guide Its Modernization Activities. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2003.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Rosie SA. Examining stakeholder perceptions of educational success in the Malagasy public education system. Doctoral dissertation. University of Phoenix, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Feeney K. Amid Marshmallow Mountains. New York Times 2011:NJ9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	The Knee
Abbreviation	Knee
ISSN (print)	0968-0160
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine

Research and Writing Guides