How to format your references using the The Knee citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Knee. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Lewenstein M. Physics. Resolving physical processes on the attosecond time scale. Science 2002;297:1131–2.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Zhang Y, Hayes JD. The membrane-topogenic vectorial behaviour of Nrf1 controls its post-translational modification and transactivation activity. Sci Rep 2013;3:2006.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Gu LQ, Cheley S, Bayley H. Capture of a single molecule in a nanocavity. Science 2001;291:636–40.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Dai P, Mook HA, Aeppli G, Hayden SM, Dogan F. Resonance as a measure of pairing correlations in the high-Tc superconductor YBa2Cu3O6.6. Nature 2000;406:965–8.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Davies J. Implementing SSL/TLS Using Cryptography and PKI. Indianapolis, IN, USA: Wiley Publishing, Inc.; 2010.

An edited book

[1]

Gervasi O, Murgante B, Misra S, Gavrilova ML, Rocha AMAC, Torre C, et al., editors. Computational Science and Its Applications -- ICCSA 2015: 15th International Conference, Banff, AB, Canada, June 22-25, 2015, Proceedings, Part II. vol. 9156. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Zhaochun W. A Path Out of the Management Theory Jungle: In: Dai M, editor. Innovative Computing and Information: International Conference, ICCIC 2011, Wuhan, China, September 17-18, 2011. Proceedings, Part II, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011, p. 26–33.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Knee.

Blog post

[1]

Luntz S. Skyscraper-Sized Sculptures Carved Beneath Greenland’s Ice Sheet. IFLScience 2014.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. High-Speed Ground Transportation: Issues Affecting Development in the United States. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1993.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Tanag HB. Building bridges of hope after loss: A self-directed workbook for foster parents. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Tackett M. In Trump Country, Incumbent Democrats Toe a Fine Line. New York Times 2017:A13.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	The Knee
Abbreviation	Knee
ISSN (print)	0968-0160
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine