How to format your references using the The Knee citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Knee. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Perkel JM. Annotating the scholarly web. Nature 2015;528:153–4.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Keegstra K, Walton J. Plant science. Beta-glucans--brewer’s bane, dietician’s delight. Science 2006;311:1872–3.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Reik W, Dean W, Walter J. Epigenetic reprogramming in mammalian development. Science 2001;293:1089–93.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Brecht M, Schneider M, Sakmann B, Margrie TW. Whisker movements evoked by stimulation of single pyramidal cells in rat motor cortex. Nature 2004;427:704–10.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Gray KA, Paschkewitz JJ. Next Generation HALT and HASS. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2016.

An edited book

[1]

Nouri K, editor. Mohs Micrographic Surgery. London: Springer; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

McGregor J. Undue Influence as Coercive Offers in Clinical Trials. In: Reidy DA, Riker WJ, editors. Coercion and the State, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2008, p. 45–59.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Knee.

Blog post

[1]

Hale T. The Face Of Scottish King Robert The Bruce Has Been Digitally Reconstructed. IFLScience 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/the-face-of-scottish-king-robert-the-bruce-has-been-digitally-reconstructed/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Review of Certain Activities of the Florida School Desegregating Consulting Center. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1970.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Shellhouse K. The Cretaceous-Paleogene Boundary Deposit in LaSalle Parish, Louisiana. Doctoral dissertation. University of Louisiana, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Greenhouse L. Justices Restore Judges’ Control Over Sentencing. New York Times 2007:A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	The Knee
Abbreviation	Knee
ISSN (print)	0968-0160
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine