How to format your references using the The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Schwartz, J. H. 2004. Anthropology. Getting to know Homo erectus. Science. 305: 53–54.

A journal article with 2 authors

Neufeld, P. and Scheck, B. 2010. Making forensic science more scientific. Nature. 464: 351.

A journal article with 3 authors

Collins, S. H., Wiggin, M. B. and Sawicki, G. S. 2015. Reducing the energy cost of human walking using an unpowered exoskeleton. Nature. 522: 212–215.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Kuwayama, Y., Hirose, K., Sata, N. and Ohishi, Y. 2005. The pyrite-type high-pressure form of silica. Science. 309: 923–925.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Toy, M. 2012. Networks and Services, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Eiselt, H. A. 2007. Linear Programming and its Applications, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Ku, H.-H. 2013. Exploring Consumers’ Responses to Delayed Introduction of a New Mobile Phone. pp. 37–43. In: Cross-Cultural Design. Cultural Differences in Everyday Life: 5th International Conference, CCD 2013, Held as Part of HCI International 2013, Las Vegas, NV, USA, July 21-26, 2013, Proceedings, Part II, (Rau, P. L. Patrick eds.) Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science.

Blog post

O`Callaghan, J. New Hypothesis Could Explain How The “Impossible” EM Drive Works. https://www.iflscience.com/space/new-em-drive-theory-may-explain-how-it-works/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office The National School Lunch Program.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Crowley, C. E. Aging of Florida Blue Crabs, Callinectes sapidus, Through the Biochemical Extraction of Lipofuscin.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Murphy, M. J. O. A Paris Changed by Turmoil, a Century Ago.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [2].
This sentence cites two references [3, 4].
This sentence cites four references [4, 6–8].

About the journal

Full journal title	The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science
ISSN (print)	0916-7250
ISSN (online)	1347-7439
Scope