How to format your references using the The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lea DW. Paleoclimate. Ice ages, the California Current, and Devils Hole. Science. 2001;293(5527):59-60.

A journal article with 2 authors

Krengel U, Törnroth-Horsefield S. Biochemistry. Coping with oxidative stress. Science. 2015;347(6218):125-126.

A journal article with 3 authors

Bajcsy M, Zibrov AS, Lukin MD. Stationary pulses of light in an atomic medium. Nature. 2003;426(6967):638-641.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Wisniewska J, Xu J, Seifertová D, et al. Polar PIN localization directs auxin flow in plants. Science. 2006;312(5775):883.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Monino JL, Sedkaoui S. Big Data, Open Data and Data Development. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2016.

An edited book

Riccia GD, Dubois D, Kruse R, Lenz HJ, eds. Preferences and Similarities. Vol 504. Springer; 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

Angerer C, Nagel M, Brügge B, Gross T. Engaging Students in Distributed Software Engineering Courses. In: Kern EM, Hegering HG, Brügge B, eds. Managing Development and Application of Digital Technologies: Research Insights in the Munich Center for Digital Technology & Management (CDTM). Springer; 2006:57-68.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery.

Blog post

Andrew E. DARPA Has Created Self-Guided, Mid-Flight Changing Bullets. IFLScience. December 15, 2014. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/darpa-has-created-self-guided-mid-flight-changing-bullets/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Health Information Technology: CMS Took Steps to Improve Its Beneficiary Eligibility Verification System. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2012.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Chung TYY. Pulse Designs on TR-MAS UWB. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Nir SM. A Live-In Love Triangle Ends in a Beating Death. New York Times. December 12, 2013:A31.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
Abbreviation	J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.
ISSN (print)	0022-5223
Scope	Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine Surgery