How to format your references using the The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Shindell D. Climate change. Whither Arctic climate? Science. 2003;299(5604):215-216.

A journal article with 2 authors

Vazquez JA, Reid MR. Probing the accumulation history of the voluminous Toba magma. Science. 2004;305(5686):991-994.

A journal article with 3 authors

Dai L, Korolev KS, Gore J. Slower recovery in space before collapse of connected populations. Nature. 2013;496(7445):355-358.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

An Z, Clemens SC, Shen J, et al. Glacial-interglacial Indian summer monsoon dynamics. Science. 2011;333(6043):719-723.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hwang RBR. Periodic Structures. John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd; 2012.

An edited book

Jeschke S, Isenhardt I, Hees F, Trantow S, eds. Enabling Innovation: Innovative Capability - German and International Views. Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

Alotaibi KD, Schoenau JJ. Biofuel Production Byproducts as Soil Amendments. In: Lichtfouse E, ed. Organic Fertilisation, Soil Quality and Human Health. Sustainable Agriculture Reviews. Springer Netherlands; 2012:67-91.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery.

Blog post

Andrew E. The Science Of Depression. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Digital Television Transition: Questions on Administrative Costs of an Equipment Subsidy Program. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2005.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Yoon J. Jan Radzynski’s Canto (1981): An Introductory View of Its Genre, Style, and Form, with Suggestions for Performance. Doctoral dissertation. Ohio State University; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sisario B. Judge Reinstates Suit Over Rolling Stone Rape Article. New York Times. September 19, 2017:B2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
Abbreviation	J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.
ISSN (print)	0022-5223
Scope	Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine Surgery