How to format your references using the The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Glynn, I. 2001. An intriguing door. Nature 413:683.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hector, A., and R. Bagchi. 2007. Biodiversity and ecosystem multifunctionality. Nature 448:188–190.

A journal article with 3 authors

Cohn, A., E. Fehr, and M. A. Maréchal. 2014. Business culture and dishonesty in the banking industry. Nature 516:86–89.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Schneider, R., A. Ferrara, R. Salvaterra, K. Omukai, and V. Bromm. 2003. Low-mass relics of early star formation. Nature 422:869–871.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Shi, Y., M. Liu, and F. Fang. 2017. Combined Cooling, Heating, and Power Systems. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Romanovsky, A., and M. Thomas (Eds.). 2013. Industrial Deployment of System Engineering Methods. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Kroon, F. 2016. The Radical Emptiness of Empty Terms: Saving the Buddhists from the Nyāya. Pages 39–53 In P. Bilimoria and M. Hemmingsen [eds.], Comparative Philosophy and J.L. Shaw. Springer International Publishing, Cham.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society.

Blog post

Carpineti, A. 2017, May 9. Has The Mystery Of Comet 67P’s Oxygen Just Been Explained? Retrieved October 30, 2018, from IFLScience. <https://www.iflscience.com/space/has-the-mystery-of-comet-67ps-oxygen-just-been-explained/>.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1978. The Johnstown Area Flood of 1977: A Case Study for the Future. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kuru, I. C. 2013. Time-Dependent Vehicle Routing and Assignment in No-Notice Evacuations. Doctoral dissertation, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Prochnik, G. 2013, August 24. I’m Thinking. Please. Be Quiet. New York Times:SR4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Glynn 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Glynn 2001, Hector and Bagchi 2007).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Hector and Bagchi 2007)
Three or more authors: (Schneider et al. 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society
Abbreviation	J. Torrey Bot. Soc.
ISSN (print)	1095-5674
ISSN (online)	1940-0616
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Plant Science Ecology