How to format your references using the The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Norman, M. R. 2009. Physics. Chasing arcs in cuprate superconductors. Science 325:1080–1081.

A journal article with 2 authors

Schraidt, O., and T. C. Marlovits. 2011. Three-dimensional model of Salmonella’s needle complex at subnanometer resolution. Science 331:1192–1195.

A journal article with 3 authors

Copeland, N. G., N. A. Jenkins, and S. J. O’Brien. 2002. Genomics. Mmu 16--comparative genomic highlights. Science 296:1617–1618.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Káradóttir, R., P. Cavelier, L. H. Bergersen, and D. Attwell. 2005. NMDA receptors are expressed in oligodendrocytes and activated in ischaemia. Nature 438:1162–1166.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

van Helvoort, H. 2006. SDH/SONET Explained in Functional Models. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Ba, S. 2016. “Internet Plus” Pathways to the Transformation of China’s Property Sector. Page (X. Yang, Ed.). Springer, Singapore.

A chapter in an edited book

Ifju, P. G. 2008. Composite Materials. Pages 97–124 In W. N. Sharpe [ed.], Springer Handbook of Experimental Solid Mechanics. Springer US, Boston, MA.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society.

Blog post

Andrew, D. 2015, June 26. Here’s What Caffeine Does To Your Brain. Retrieved October 30, 2018, from IFLScience. <https://www.iflscience.com/brain/what-caffeine-does-brain/>.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1996. NASA Personnel: Challenges to Achieving Workforce Reductions. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gomes, S. 2010. The Lanterman-Petris-Short Act and the effects of deinstitutionalization on the mentally ill. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Dynarski, S. 2016, September 16. A Little Breathing Room in the Financial Aid Gantlet. New York Times:BU3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Norman 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Norman 2009, Schraidt and Marlovits 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Schraidt and Marlovits 2011)
Three or more authors: (Káradóttir et al. 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society
Abbreviation	J. Torrey Bot. Soc.
ISSN (print)	1095-5674
ISSN (online)	1940-0616
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Plant Science Ecology