How to format your references using the The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Malakoff D. NUCLEAR SECURITY: Los Alamos Under Siege After Secrets Recovered. Science. 2000 Jun 23;288(5474):2109a–10a.

A journal article with 2 authors

Garczarek F, Gerwert K. Functional waters in intraprotein proton transfer monitored by FTIR difference spectroscopy. Nature. 2006 Jan 5;439(7072):109–12.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ostojic S, Somfai E, Nienhuis B. Scale invariance and universality of force networks in static granular matter. Nature. 2006 Feb 16;439(7078):828–30.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Pryor WR, Rymer AM, Mitchell DG, Hill TW, Young DT, Saur J, et al. The auroral footprint of Enceladus on Saturn. Nature. 2011 Apr 21;472(7343):331–3.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Waxman AB. Rogues of Wall Street. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2017.

An edited book

Stewart WP, Williams DR, Kruger LE, editors. Place-Based Conservation: Perspectives from the Social Sciences. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2013. XII, 264 p.

A chapter in an edited book

Baize D, van Oort F. Potentially Harmful Elements in Forest Soils. In: Bini C, Bech J, editors. PHEs, Environment and Human Health: Potentially harmful elements in the environment and the impact on human health. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2014. p. 151–98.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry.

Blog post

Andrew E. IPCC Reports: We Must Manage Risk of Widespread Climate Change Effects [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/ipcc-reports-we-must-manage-risk-widespread-climate-change-effects/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Regulatory Guidance Processes: Selected Departments Could Strengthen Internal Control and Dissemination Practices. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2015 Apr. Report No.: GAO-15-368.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Wager L. Racial differences in the relationship between child externalizing and corporal punishment: The role of other discipline strategies [Doctoral dissertation]. [Bloomington, IN]: Indiana University; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner J. Mets’ Pick for Manager Is Heavy on Pitching and Youth. New York Times. 2017 Oct 22;D2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry
Abbreviation	J. Prosthet. Dent.
ISSN (print)	0022-3913
ISSN (online)	1097-6841
Scope	Oral Surgery