How to format your references using the The Journal of Primary Prevention citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Journal of Primary Prevention. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Appelbaum, F. R. (2012). Retrospective. E. Donnall Thomas (1920-2012). Science (New York, N.Y.), 338(6111), 1163.

A journal article with 2 authors

Reilly, S. M., & White, T. D. (2003). Hypaxial motor patterns and the function of epipubic bones in primitive mammals. Science (New York, N.Y.), 299(5605), 400–402.

A journal article with 3 authors

Yoshizawa, M., Tamura, M., & Fujita, M. (2006). Diels-alder in aqueous molecular hosts: unusual regioselectivity and efficient catalysis. Science (New York, N.Y.), 312(5771), 251–254.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Punckt, C., Bölscher, M., Rotermund, H. H., Mikhailov, A. S., Organ, L., Budiansky, N., et al. (2004). Sudden onset of pitting corrosion on stainless steel as a critical phenomenon. Science (New York, N.Y.), 305(5687), 1133–1136.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Fernandez-Maloigne, C., Robert-Inacio, F., & Macaire, L. (2012). Digital Color. Hoboken, NJ USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Bernard, D., Buffière, J.-Y., Pollock, T., Poulsen, H. F., Rollett, A., & Uchic, M. (Eds.). (2016). Proceedings of the 2nd International Congress on 3D Materials Science. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Kreutzer, R. T., & Land, K.-H. (2015). How Marketing Becomes the ROI Driver Within the Company. In K.-H. Land (Ed.), Digital Darwinism: Branding and Business Models in Jeopardy (pp. 129–145). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Journal of Primary Prevention.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2014, September 29). Dolphins Have A Magnetic Sense. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/dolphins-have-magnetic-sense/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1996). Resources, Community, and Economic Development Information Systems Issue Area: Active Assignments (No. AA-96-30(1)). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bobadilla, J. (2014). Helping at-risk youth through a preventative program (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Porter, J. (2016, October 24). Steve Dillon, 54, Comic Artist; Helped Create ‘Preacher.’ New York Times, p. A19.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Appelbaum 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Appelbaum 2012; Reilly and White 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Reilly and White 2003)
Three or more authors: (Punckt et al. 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	The Journal of Primary Prevention
Abbreviation	J. Prim. Prev.
ISSN (print)	0278-095X
ISSN (online)	1573-6547
Scope	Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health