How to format your references using the The Journal of Primary Prevention citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Journal of Primary Prevention. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Pielke, R. A., Sr. (2005). Atmospheric science. Land use and climate change. Science (New York, N.Y.), 310(5754), 1625–1626.

A journal article with 2 authors

Billinge, S. J. L., & Levin, I. (2007). The problem with determining atomic structure at the nanoscale. Science (New York, N.Y.), 316(5824), 561–565.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lin, X., Hull, C. M., & Heitman, J. (2005). Sexual reproduction between partners of the same mating type in Cryptococcus neoformans. Nature, 434(7036), 1017–1021.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Takáts, Z., Wiseman, J. M., Gologan, B., & Cooks, R. G. (2004). Mass spectrometry sampling under ambient conditions with desorption electrospray ionization. Science (New York, N.Y.), 306(5695), 471–473.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Akcoglu, M. A., Bartha, P. F. A., & Ha, D. M. (2009). Analysis in Vector Spaces. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Popescu-Belis, A., & Stiefelhagen, R. (Eds.). (2008). Machine Learning for Multimodal Interaction: 5th International Workshop, MLMI 2008, Utrecht, The Netherlands, September 8-10, 2008. Proceedings (Vol. 5237). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Hirschinger, M., & Moser, R. (2016). Non-Ownership Commercial Mobility and Humanitarian Logistics: New Perspectives to Improve Response Times and Long-Term Impact. In B. S. Sahay, S. Gupta, & V. C. Menon (Eds.), Managing Humanitarian Logistics (pp. 51–60). New Delhi: Springer India.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Journal of Primary Prevention.

Blog post

Davis, J. (2017, February 23). Trial Provides Tentative Hope Of “Functional Cure” For Some People Living With HIV. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/trial-provides-tentative-hope-of-functional-cure-for-some-people-living-with-hiv/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2008). National Transportation Safety Board: Progress Made in Management Practices, Investigation Priorities, Training Center Use, and Information Security, But These Areas Continue to Need Improvement (No. GAO-08-652T). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Packard, J. A. (2008). Analyzing the intersection of leadership practices, emotional intelligence, and coping responses in women -owned small businesses (Doctoral dissertation). Capella University, Minneapolis, MN.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Horowitz, J., & Alderman, L. (2017, August 26). Angry at E.U., Greece Warms to China’s Cash. New York Times, p. A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Pielke 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Billinge and Levin 2007; Pielke 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Billinge and Levin 2007)
Three or more authors: (Takáts et al. 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	The Journal of Primary Prevention
Abbreviation	J. Prim. Prev.
ISSN (print)	0278-095X
ISSN (online)	1573-6547
Scope	Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health