How to format your references using the The Journal of Primary Prevention citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Journal of Primary Prevention. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Clark, M. K. (2012). Continental collision slowing due to viscous mantle lithosphere rather than topography. Nature, 483(7387), 74–77.

A journal article with 2 authors

Watanabe, R., & Noji, H. (2014). Characterization of the temperature-sensitive reaction of F1-ATPase by using single-molecule manipulation. Scientific reports, 4, 4962.

A journal article with 3 authors

Luo, Y., Yang, Y., & Chen, Z. (2014). Self-tuning wireless power transmission scheme based on on-line scattering parameters measurement and two-side power matching. Scientific reports, 4, 4332.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Lin, Y., Yan, Q., Kong, C., & Chen, L. (2013). Polyethyleneimine incorporated metal-organic frameworks adsorbent for highly selective CO2 capture. Scientific reports, 3, 1859.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Terré, M., Pischella, M., & Vivier, E. (2013). Wireless Telecommunication Systems. Hoboken, NJ USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Lichtfouse, E., Schwarzbauer, J., & Robert, D. (Eds.). (2015). Pollutants in Buildings, Water and Living Organisms (Vol. 7). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Tiebosch, M. H., Karimian, G., & Moshage, H. (2015). Oxidative Stress and Hepatocellular Injury. In E. Albano & M. Parola (Eds.), Studies on Hepatic Disorders (pp. 99–112). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Journal of Primary Prevention.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, June 4). Sense Of Smell Linked With Mortality Risk. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/sense-smell-linked-mortality-risk/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2001). Airline Competition: Issues Raised by Consolidation Proposals (No. GAO-01-370T). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Baldasaro, R. E. (2013). Person level analysis in latent growth curve models (Doctoral dissertation). University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Spencer, H., & Sisario, B. (2016, November 8). $3 Million Award in Rolling Stone Case. New York Times, p. B2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Clark 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Clark 2012; Watanabe and Noji 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Watanabe and Noji 2014)
Three or more authors: (Lin et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	The Journal of Primary Prevention
Abbreviation	J. Prim. Prev.
ISSN (print)	0278-095X
ISSN (online)	1573-6547
Scope	Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health