How to format your references using the The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Willyard C (2014) Heritability: The family roots of obesity. Nature 508:S58-60.

A journal article with 2 authors

Gibson DG, and Venter JC (2014) Synthetic biology: Construction of a yeast chromosome. Nature 509:168–169.

A journal article with 3 authors

Briggs F, Mangun GR, and Usrey WM (2013) Attention enhances synaptic efficacy and the signal-to-noise ratio in neural circuits. Nature 499:476–480.

A journal article with 99 or more authors

Blum JD, Klaue A, Nezat CA, Driscoll CT, Johnson CE, Siccama TG, Eagar C, Fahey TJ, and Likens GE (2002) Mycorrhizal weathering of apatite as an important calcium source in base-poor forest ecosystems. Nature 417:729–731.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Brown RA (2012) Extreme Tissue Engineering, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Zutshi M (ed) (2016) Anorectal Disease: Contemporary Management, Springer International Publishing, Cham.

A chapter in an edited book

Cheng H, and Labahn G (2014) A Practical Implementation of a Modular Algorithm for Ore Polynomial Matrices, in Computer Mathematics: 9th Asian Symposium (ASCM2009), Fukuoka, December 2009, 10th Asian Symposium (ASCM2012), Beijing, October 2012, Contributed Papers and Invited Talks (Feng R, Lee W-S, and Sato Y eds) pp 49–59, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) Scientists Uncover Why The Mayan Civilization Died Out, IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1990) SSA ADP Budget: Suggested Reductions to Fiscal Year 1991 Budget, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Zellner KM (2008) An examination of grade distribution patterns and grade inflation at a baccalaureate nursing program, Capella University, Minneapolis, MN.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Feeney K (2006) So Greek, So Good.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Willyard, 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Gibson and Venter, 2014; Willyard, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Gibson and Venter, 2014)
Three or more authors: (Blum et al., 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
Abbreviation	J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.
ISSN (print)	0022-3565
ISSN (online)	1521-0103
Scope	Molecular Medicine Pharmacology