How to format your references using the The Journal of Pathology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Journal of Pathology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Cyranoski D. Japan election sparks science pledges. Nature 2009; 460: 938

A journal article with 2 authors

McLaughlin S, Murray D. Plasma membrane phosphoinositide organization by protein electrostatics. Nature 2005; 438: 605-611

A journal article with 3 authors

Wang YA, Feng A-C, Ganz PA. Health services utilisation in breast cancer survivors in Taiwan. Sci Rep 2014; 4: 7466

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Poptsova MS, Il’icheva IA, Nechipurenko DY, et al. Non-random DNA fragmentation in next-generation sequencing. Sci Rep 2014; 4: 4532

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Sauter M. 3G, 4G and Beyond-Bringing Networks, Devices and the Web Together. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2013.

An edited book

Harder H, Mittler B, eds. Asian Punches: A Transcultural Affair. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

Sarmento L, Pinto AS, Cabral L. REPENTINO – A Wide-Scope Gazetteer for Entity Recognition in Portuguese. In Vieira R, Quaresma P, Nunes M das GV et al., eds. Computational Processing of the Portuguese Language: 7th International Workshop, PROPOR 2006, Itatiaia, Brazil, May 13-17, 2006. Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2006; 31-40.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Journal of Pathology.

Blog post

Evans K. Scientists Have Finally Figured Out Why Flamingoes Stand On One Leg. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Year 2000 Computing Crisis: National Credit Union Administration’s Efforts to Ensure Credit Union Systems Are Year 2000 Compliant. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1997.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ouellette RL. Referral development results of relationship tie- strength for small business goal -directed networking groups. 2008

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gordon MR. U.S.-Russia Hotline Buzzes Even After Strike on Syria. New York Times. May 25, 2017:A9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	The Journal of Pathology
Abbreviation	J. Pathol.
ISSN (print)	0022-3417
ISSN (online)	1096-9896
Scope	Pathology and Forensic Medicine