How to format your references using the The Journal of Pathology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Journal of Pathology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Swartz KJ. Sensing voltage across lipid membranes. Nature 2008; 456: 891-897

A journal article with 2 authors

Cook EH Jr, Scherer SW. Copy-number variations associated with neuropsychiatric conditions. Nature 2008; 455: 919-923

A journal article with 3 authors

Haas JS, Zavala B, Landisman CE. Activity-dependent long-term depression of electrical synapses. Science 2011; 334: 389-393

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Ejlerskov KT, Jensen SM, Christensen LB, et al. Prediction of fat-free body mass from bioelectrical impedance and anthropometry among 3-year-old children using DXA. Sci Rep 2014; 4: 3889

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Paul CR. Transmission Lines in Digital Systems for EMC Practitioners. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

Robinson L Jr, ed. Marketing Dynamism & Sustainability: Things Change, Things Stay the Same…: Proceedings of the 2012 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Newcomb B, Hannun YA. Sphingolipids as Mediators of Breast Cancer Progression, Metastasis, Response and Resistance to Chemotherapy. In Hannun YA, Luberto C, Mao C et al., eds. Bioactive Sphingolipids in Cancer Biology and Therapy. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015; 81-106.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Journal of Pathology.

Blog post

Andrew E. Compound In Curry Spice Boosts Stem Cell Growth In Rat Brains. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Highway Financing: Participating States Benefit Under Toll Facilities Pilot Program. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1990.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Chahine J. Social workers’ perceptions of individuals who use drugs and alcohol problematically. 2013

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey G. In Afghanistan, On the Road to Boston. New York Times. April 11, 2010:SP6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	The Journal of Pathology
Abbreviation	J. Pathol.
ISSN (print)	0022-3417
ISSN (online)	1096-9896
Scope	Pathology and Forensic Medicine