How to format your references using the The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries (JIDC). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Szalavitz M (2015) Genetics: No more addictive personality. Nature 522: S48-9.

A journal article with 2 authors

Rhoten D, Parker A (2004) Education. Risks and rewards of an interdisciplinary research path. Science 306: 2046.

A journal article with 3 authors

Béarez P, DeVries TJ, Ortlieb L (2003) Comment on “Otolith delta18O record of mid-Holocene sea surface temperatures in Peru.” Science 299: 203; author reply 203.

A journal article with 6 or more authors

Randau L, Münch R, Hohn MJ, Jahn D, Söll D (2005) Nanoarchaeum equitans creates functional tRNAs from separate genes for their 5’- and 3’-halves. Nature 433: 537–541.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Benatar D (2012) The Second Sexism. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.

An edited book

Sorensen A, Okata J, editors (2011) Megacities: Urban Form, Governance, and Sustainability. Tokyo: Springer Japan. XIII, 418 p p.

A chapter in an edited book

Niephaus C, Kretschmer M, Ghinea G, Hadzic S (2015) Enabling Converged Satellite and Terrestrial Access Networks. In Nungu A, Pehrson B, Sansa-Otim J, editors. e-Infrastructure and e-Services for Developing Countries: 6th International Conference, AFRICOMM 2014, Kampala, Uganda, November 24-25, 2014, Revised Selected Papers. Cham: Springer International Publishing. 43–52.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries.

Blog post

Carpineti A (2016) Scientists Claim To Have Found 234 Alien Civilizations. IFLScience. Available: https://www.iflscience.com/space/scientists-claim-to-have-found-234-alien-civilizations/. Accessed 30 October 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2011) NASA Needs to Better Assess Contract Termination Liability Risks and Ensure Consistency in Its Practices. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Nelson T (2017) Project Motherhood: A Grant Proposal Project [Doctoral dissertation]. Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kenigsberg B (2017) Film Series. New York Times: C18.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries
Abbreviation	J. Infect. Dev. Ctries.
ISSN (print)	2036-6590
ISSN (online)	1972-2680
Scope	Microbiology Parasitology Virology General Medicine Infectious Diseases