How to format your references using the The Journal of Headache and Pain citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Journal of Headache and Pain. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Tollestrup AV (2000) Robert Rathbun Wilson (1914-2000). Nature 404:350

A journal article with 2 authors

Saunders LR, Verdin E (2009) Cell biology. Stress response and aging. Science 323:1021–1022

A journal article with 3 authors

Rossi DJ, Oshima T, Attwell D (2000) Glutamate release in severe brain ischaemia is mainly by reversed uptake. Nature 403:316–321

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Kadokura H, Tian H, Zander T, et al (2004) Snapshots of DsbA in action: detection of proteins in the process of oxidative folding. Science 303:534–537

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Troffaes MCM, Cooman G de (2014) Lower Previsions: Troffaes/Lower Previsions. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Barreira L (2013) Dynamical Systems: An Introduction. Springer, London

A chapter in an edited book

Deepak P, Deshpande PM (2015) Advanced Operators for Similarity Search. In: Deshpande PM (ed) Operators for Similarity Search: Semantics, Techniques and Usage Scenarios. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 55–89

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Journal of Headache and Pain.

Blog post

Andrew E (2014) Water Vapour Discovered In The Atmosphere Of Neptune-Sized Exoplanet. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/neptune-sized-exoplanet-has-clear-skies-and-water-vapor-atmosphere/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1977) Security of Computer Systems. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bowles A (2012) The development of a standard of care for competency to stand trial evaluations. Doctoral dissertation, Pepperdine University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse L (2007) Justices Seem to Support How State Selects Judges. New York Times B3

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	The Journal of Headache and Pain
Abbreviation	J. Headache Pain
ISSN (print)	1129-2369
ISSN (online)	1129-2377
Scope	General Medicine Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Clinical Neurology

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