How to format your references using the The Journal of Headache and Pain citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Journal of Headache and Pain. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Quirk T (2012) Writers should not fear jargon. Nature 487:407

A journal article with 2 authors

Friedman JS, Walter MA (2002) Biomedicine. Under pressure. Science 295:983–984

A journal article with 3 authors

Blumenstock J, Cadamuro G, On R (2015) Predicting poverty and wealth from mobile phone metadata. Science 350:1073–1076

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Leucci E, Patella F, Waage J, et al (2013) microRNA-9 targets the long non-coding RNA MALAT1 for degradation in the nucleus. Sci Rep 3:2535

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Morana J (2013) Sustainable Supply Chain Management. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ USA

An edited book

Noble J (2011) Pro SharePoint 2010 Search. Apress, Berkeley, CA

A chapter in an edited book

Michalak T, Engwerda J, Plasmans J, et al (2008) Models of Endogenous Coalition Formation Between Fiscal and Monetary Authorities in the Presence of a Monetary Union. In: Neck R, Richter C, Mooslechner P (eds) Quantitative Economic Policy: Essays in Honour of Andrew Hughes Hallett. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 103–136

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Journal of Headache and Pain.

Blog post

Fang J (2015) New Species Of Snake Discovered In Western Australia. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/new-death-adder-species-discovered-western-australia/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1998) Federal Research: Information on the Advanced Technology Program’s 1997 Award Selection. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Primeaux SJ (2014) The Role of Education, Empathy, and Psychological Flexibility in Implicit and Explicit Mental Health Stigma. Doctoral dissertation, University of Louisiana

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Markoff J, Rosenberg M (2017) China’s Intelligent Weaponry Gets Smarter. New York Times BU1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	The Journal of Headache and Pain
Abbreviation	J. Headache Pain
ISSN (print)	1129-2369
ISSN (online)	1129-2377
Scope	General Medicine Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Clinical Neurology