How to format your references using the The Journal of Hand Surgery Asian-Pacific Volume citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Journal of Hand Surgery Asian-Pacific Volume. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Muddiman DC. Retrospective. John Bennett Fenn (1917-2010). Science. 2011;331(6014):160.

A journal article with 2 authors

Beuther H, Schilke P. Fragmentation in massive star formation. Science. 2004;303(5661):1167–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

Riedel IH, Kruse K, Howard J. A self-organized vortex array of hydrodynamically entrained sperm cells. Science. 2005;309(5732):300–3.

A journal article with 31 or more authors

Volkov I, Banavar JR, Maritan A, Hubbell SP. Neutral theory: the stability of forest biodiversity. Nature. 2004;427(6976):696; discussion 696-7.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kindmann R, Krüger U. Stahlbau. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2013:

An edited book

Rozbruch SR, Hamdy R c. Limb Lengthening and Reconstruction Surgery Case Atlas: Trauma • Foot and Ankle. 1st ed. 2015.Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015:

A chapter in an edited book

Thielen C, Krumke SO. Truthful Mechanisms for Selfish Routing and Two-Parameter Agents. In: Mavronicolas M & Papadopoulou VG editors. Algorithmic Game Theory: Second International Symposium, SAGT 2009, Paphos, Cyprus, October 18-20, 2009. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009: 36–47.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Journal of Hand Surgery Asian-Pacific Volume.

Blog post

Andrew E. Polar Bears:Climate Change Is A Bigger Threat Than Trophy Hunting. IFLScience.2016:

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Mass Transit: Information on Federal Participation in Transit Benefit Programs. 1992:

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Muniyappa VK. Performance analysis of IPv4 versus IPv6 in a simple campus network. 2012:

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Poniewozik J. TV’s United States of ‘Sieg Heil’. New York Times. 2016;C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹⁾.
This sentence cites two references ^{1, 2)}.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	The Journal of Hand Surgery Asian-Pacific Volume
ISSN (print)	2424-8355
ISSN (online)	2424-8363
Scope