How to format your references using the The Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Chambers SA. Surface Science. Stability at the surface. Science. 2014 Dec 5;346(6214):1186–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

Liu H, Lalanne P. Microscopic theory of the extraordinary optical transmission. Nature. 2008 Apr 10;452(7188):728–31.

A journal article with 3 authors

Purohit P, Mitra A, Auerbach A. A stepwise mechanism for acetylcholine receptor channel gating. Nature. 2007 Apr 19;446(7138):930–3.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Yamashiro C, Sasaki K, Yabuta Y, Kojima Y, Nakamura T, Okamoto I, et al. Generation of human oogonia from induced pluripotent stem cells in vitro. Science. 2018 Oct 19;362(6412):356–60.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Samara T. ERP and Information Systems. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2015.

An edited book

Bertram A. Solid Mechanics: Theory, Modeling, and Problems. Glüge R, editor. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015. XIII, 318 p. 87 illus., 1 illus. in color.

A chapter in an edited book

Fujino Y, Kimura K, Tanaka H. Design Wind Speed. In: Kimura K, Tanaka H, editors. Wind Resistant Design of Bridges in Japan: Developments and Practices. Tokyo: Springer Japan; 2012. p. 39–70.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery.

Blog post

Davis J. No, The Viral Video Of The Polar Bear With The Dog Is Not “Cute”, It’s Dangerous [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/no-the-viral-video-of-the-polar-bear-with-the-dog-is-not-cute-its-dangerous/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Aviation Safety: Emergency Revocation Orders of Air Carrier Certificates. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1991 Oct. Report No.: RCED-92-10.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bai H. Cognitive processes of prioritization in multitasking [Doctoral dissertation]. [Mississippi State, MS]: Mississippi State University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sophia Kishkovsky; Compiled by. Arts, Briefly; Returning Seized Art. New York Times. 2005 Dec 26;E2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	The Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery
Abbreviation	J. Cardiovasc. Surg. (Torino)
ISSN (print)	0021-9509
ISSN (online)	1827-191X
Scope	General Medicine Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Surgery