How to format your references using the The Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smaglik P. Bricks and mortar. Switzerland switches on supercomputers. Nature. 2004 May 20;429(6989):326.

A journal article with 2 authors

Anderson AK, Phelps EA. Lesions of the human amygdala impair enhanced perception of emotionally salient events. Nature. 2001 May 17;411(6835):305–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

Tran J, Brenner TJ, DiNardo S. Somatic control over the germline stem cell lineage during Drosophila spermatogenesis. Nature. 2000 Oct 12;407(6805):754–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Seelert H, Poetsch A, Dencher NA, Engel A, Stahlberg H, Müller DJ. Structural biology. Proton-powered turbine of a plant motor. Nature. 2000 May 25;405(6785):418–9.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Scheer J. Failed Bridges. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2010.

An edited book

Berretti S, Thampi SM, Dasgupta S, editors. Intelligent Systems Technologies and Applications: Volume 2. 1st ed. 2016. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. XVIII, 464 p. 194 illus. (Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing; vol. 385).

A chapter in an edited book

Nifontova IN, Svinareva DA, Chertkov JL, Savchenko VG, Drize NJ. Alterations of Frequency of Hematopoietic Precursors in Mice Subjected to Multiple Courses of Low-Dose G-CSF Injections. In: Bilko NM, Fehse B, Ostertag W, Stocking C, Zander AR, editors. Stem Cells and their Potential for Clinical Application. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2008. p. 55–62. (NATO Science for Peace and Security Series A: Chemistry and Biology).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery.

Blog post

Davis J. China Fails In Attempt To Lift Ban On Tiger Farming At Major Wildlife Summit. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Aviation Noise: Costs of Phasing Out Noisy Aircraft. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1991 Jul. Report No.: RCED-91-128.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Tran LN. Low-cost vehicle remote diagnostic system [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse L. Court to Hear Challenge From Muslims Held After 9/11. New York Times. 2008 Jun 17;A16.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	The Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery
Abbreviation	J. Cardiovasc. Surg. (Torino)
ISSN (print)	0021-9509
ISSN (online)	1827-191X
Scope	General Medicine Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Surgery