How to format your references using the The Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Colman SM. Paleoclimate. A fresh look at glacial floods. Science. 2002 May 17;296(5571):1251–2.

A journal article with 2 authors

Körding KP, Wolpert DM. Bayesian integration in sensorimotor learning. Nature. 2004 Jan 15;427(6971):244–7.

A journal article with 3 authors

Wang K, Dickinson RE, Liang S. Clear sky visibility has decreased over land globally from 1973 to 2007. Science. 2009 Mar 13;323(5920):1468–70.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Kuo HC, Hui S, Choi J, Asiegbu FO, Valkonen JPT, Lee YH. Secret lifestyles of Neurospora crassa. Sci Rep. 2014 May 30;4:5135.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Gray KA, Paschkewitz JJ. Next Generation HALT and HASS. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2016.

An edited book

Saudubray JM, Baumgartner MR, Walter J, editors. Inborn Metabolic Diseases: Diagnosis and Treatment. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2016. XXXI, 658 p.

A chapter in an edited book

Yao X. Unpacking and Understanding Evolutionary Algorithms. In: Liu J, Alippi C, Bouchon-Meunier B, Greenwood GW, Abbass HA, editors. Advances in Computational Intelligence: IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence, WCCI 2012, Brisbane, Australia, June 10-15, 2012 Plenary/Invited Lectures. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012. p. 60–76. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery.

Blog post

Hale T. Lost Section Of The Great Wall Of China Resurfaces After Drought. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Airport Competition: Essential Air Service Slots at O’Hare International Airport. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1994 Mar. Report No.: RCED-94-118FS.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Atchison J. Caregivers with sibling sets: A curriculum to increase contact and permanency for siblings in out-of-home care [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly M. THE 1992 CAMPAIGN: The Democrats; Clinton’s Camp Says It Is Wary Of Perot Inroads. New York Times. 1992 Oct 22;A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	The Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery
Abbreviation	J. Cardiovasc. Surg. (Torino)
ISSN (print)	0021-9509
ISSN (online)	1827-191X
Scope	General Medicine Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Surgery