How to format your references using the The Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Leggett T. Physics. Superfluidity in a crystal? Science. 2004 Sep 24;305(5692):1921–2.

A journal article with 2 authors

Wei J, Tong L. Crystal structure of the 500-kDa yeast acetyl-CoA carboxylase holoenzyme dimer. Nature. 2015 Oct 29;526(7575):723–7.

A journal article with 3 authors

Sun L, Wang J, Bonaccurso E. Conductivity of individual particles measured by a microscopic four-point-probe method. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1991.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Nan T, Liu M, Ren W, Ye ZG, Sun NX. Voltage control of metal-insulator transition and non-volatile ferroelastic switching of resistance in VOx/PMN-PT heterostructures. Sci Rep. 2014 Aug 4;4:5931.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Dinet J. Information Retrieval in Digital Environments. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2014.

An edited book

Lofrano G, editor. Emerging Compounds Removal from Wastewater: Natural and Solar Based Treatments. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2012. XVIII, 94 p. 16 illus., 10 illus. in color. (SpringerBriefs in Molecular Science).

A chapter in an edited book

Santoro R. The Epigenetics of the Nucleolus: Structure and Function of Active and Silent Ribosomal RNA Genes. In: Olson MOJ, editor. The Nucleolus. New York, NY: Springer; 2011. p. 57–82.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery.

Blog post

Andrew E. Earthquakes, Superstorms … And Other Little-Known Perils Of Climate Change [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/earthquakes-superstorms-and-other-little-known-perils-climate-change/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Examination Into Possible Irregularities in the Use of Federal Funds in the Administration of the Chemawa Indian School in Marion County, Oregon]. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1972 Nov. Report No.: B-114868.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Grayson N. Development of a preliminary scale of counterproductive experiences in supervision: Attitudes of clinical psychology doctoral students [Doctoral dissertation]. [Malibu, CA]: Pepperdine University; 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hollander S. La Dolce Video. New York Times. 2009 Feb 8;CY1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	The Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery
Abbreviation	J. Cardiovasc. Surg. (Torino)
ISSN (print)	0021-9509
ISSN (online)	1827-191X
Scope	General Medicine Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Surgery