How to format your references using the The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Schnitzer, Mark J. 2010. “Journal Club. A Neuroscientist Learns about Algorithms for Motor Learning.” Nature 463 (7279): 273.

A journal article with 2 authors

Imura, Tomoko, and Masaki Tomonaga. 2013. “A Ground-like Surface Facilitates Visual Search in Chimpanzees (Pan Troglodytes).” Scientific Reports 3: 2343.

A journal article with 3 authors

Dehaene-Lambertz, Ghislaine, Stanislas Dehaene, and Lucie Hertz-Pannier. 2002. “Functional Neuroimaging of Speech Perception in Infants.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 298 (5600): 2013–2015.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Kawasaki, Tsuneomi, Yukari Matsumura, Takashi Tsutsumi, Kenta Suzuki, Masateru Ito, and Kenso Soai. 2009. “Asymmetric Autocatalysis Triggered by Carbon Isotope (13C/12C) Chirality.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 324 (5926): 492–495.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bailly, Patrice. 2013. Materials and Structures under Shock and Impact. Hoboken, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

DeLamater, John, and Amanda Ward, eds. 2013. Handbook of Social Psychology. 2nd ed. 2013. Handbooks of Sociology and Social Research. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Heckel, Reiko, and Paolo Torrini. 2010. “Stochastic Modelling and Simulation of Mobile Systems.” In Graph Transformations and Model-Driven Engineering: Essays Dedicated to Manfred Nagl on the Occasion of His 65th Birthday, edited by Gregor Engels, Claus Lewerentz, Wilhelm Schäfer, Andy Schürr, and Bernhard Westfechtel, 87–101. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension.

Blog post

Fang, Janet. 2014. “A Single Kiss Can Transfer 80 Million Bacteria.” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/single-kiss-can-transfer-80-million-bacteria/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1997. Distance Learning: Opportunities Exist for DOD to Capitalize on Services’ Efforts. NSIAD-98-63R. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lund, Bryan C. 2017. “Physiological Response to Cycling at Different Pedal Rates during High Intensity Interval Training.” Doctoral dissertation, Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Schmidt, Michael S., and Matt Apuzzo. 2017. “Trump Lawyer Spreads Email With Secessionist Rhetoric.” New York Times, August 16.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Schnitzer 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Schnitzer 2010; Imura and Tomonaga 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Imura and Tomonaga 2013)
Three authors: (Dehaene-Lambertz, Dehaene, and Hertz-Pannier 2002)
4 or more authors: (Kawasaki et al. 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension
ISSN (print)	1389-224X
ISSN (online)	1750-8622
Scope	General Agricultural and Biological Sciences Education Geography, Planning and Development