How to format your references using the The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Running, Steven W. 2006. “Climate Change. Is Global Warming Causing More, Larger Wildfires?” Science (New York, N.Y.) 313 (5789): 927–928.

A journal article with 2 authors

Harrison, Stephenie A., and Frank Tong. 2009. “Decoding Reveals the Contents of Visual Working Memory in Early Visual Areas.” Nature 458 (7238): 632–635.

A journal article with 3 authors

Johnson, Simon C., Peter S. Rabinovitch, and Matt Kaeberlein. 2013. “MTOR Is a Key Modulator of Ageing and Age-Related Disease.” Nature 493 (7432): 338–345.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Koçer, Zeynep A., Yiping Fan, Robert Huether, John Obenauer, Richard J. Webby, Jinghui Zhang, Robert G. Webster, and Gang Wu. 2014. “Survival Analysis of Infected Mice Reveals Pathogenic Variations in the Genome of Avian H1N1 Viruses.” Scientific Reports 4 (December): 7455.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Haas, Timothy C. 2013. Introduction to Probability and Statistics for Ecosystem Managers. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Cerf, Raphaël. 2006. The Wulff Crystal in Ising and Percolation Models: Ecole d’Eté de Probabilités de Saint-Flour XXXIV - 2004. Edited by Jean Picard. Vol. 1878. Lecture Notes in Mathematics. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Bruns, Elke, Dörte Ohlhorst, Bernd Wenzel, and Johann Köppel. 2011. “Innovation Conditions in the Case of Solar Power Generation.” In Renewable Energies in Germany’s Electricity Market: A Biography of the Innovation Process, edited by Dörte Ohlhorst, Bernd Wenzel, and Johann Köppel, 161–228. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension.

Blog post

Andrews, Robin. 2016. “This Cyborg Stingray Is Built From Genetically Engineered Solar-Powered Heart Cells.” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/this-cyborg-stingray-is-built-from-genetically-engineered-solarpowered-heart-cells/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2005. Federal Research: Observations on the Small Business Innovation Research Program. GAO-05-861T. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gordon, Reyna Leigh. 2010. “Neural and Behavioral Correlates of Song Prosody.” Doctoral dissertation, Boca Raton, FL: Florida Atlantic University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kenigsberg, Ben. 2017. “War Ends, but Divisions Remain.” New York Times, September 5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Running 2006).
This sentence cites two references (Running 2006; Harrison and Tong 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Harrison and Tong 2009)
Three authors: (Johnson, Rabinovitch, and Kaeberlein 2013)
4 or more authors: (Koçer et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension
ISSN (print)	1389-224X
ISSN (online)	1750-8622
Scope	General Agricultural and Biological Sciences Education Geography, Planning and Development