How to format your references using the The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Hodges, Andrew. 2012. “The Man behind the Machine.” Nature 482 (7386): 441.

A journal article with 2 authors

Fisher, Simon E., and Matt Ridley. 2013. “Evolution. Culture, Genes, and the Human Revolution.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 340 (6135): 929–930.

A journal article with 3 authors

Zhang, Jianping, Houyuan Lu, and Linpei Huang. 2014. “Calciphytoliths (Calcium Oxalate Crystals) Analysis for the Identification of Decayed Tea Plants (Camellia Sinensis L.).” Scientific Reports 4 (October): 6703.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Takayama, S., E. Ostuni, P. LeDuc, K. Naruse, D. E. Ingber, and G. M. Whitesides. 2001. “Subcellular Positioning of Small Molecules.” Nature 411 (6841): 1016.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Yang, Shiping, Jian-Xin Xu, Xuefang Li, and Dong Shen. 2017. Iterative Learning Control for Multi-Agent Systems Coordination. Singapore: John Wiley & Sons Singapore Pte. Ltd.

An edited book

Dovier, Agostino, and Enrico Pontelli, eds. 2010. A 25-Year Perspective on Logic Programming: Achievements of the Italian Association for Logic Programming, GULP. Vol. 6125. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Balakrishnan, N., and Erhard Cramer. 2014. “Progressive Type-I Censoring: Basic Properties.” In The Art of Progressive Censoring: Applications to Reliability and Quality, edited by Erhard Cramer, 115–124. New York, NY: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension.

Blog post

Andrews, Robin. 2016. “Powerful 6.5M Earthquake Detected Off The Coast Of California.” IFLScience. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1992. Lost in Space? 146027. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Vidal, Elisa M. 2014. “Alcohol Disorder with Hip or Knee Surgery: Postoperative Alcohol Disorder-Related Costs and Length of Stay.” Doctoral dissertation, Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Markoff, John. 2016. “Robert Fano, 98, a Designer of Computers.” New York Times, July 26.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Hodges 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Hodges 2012; Fisher and Ridley 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Fisher and Ridley 2013)
Three authors: (Zhang, Lu, and Huang 2014)
4 or more authors: (Takayama et al. 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension
ISSN (print)	1389-224X
ISSN (online)	1750-8622
Scope	General Agricultural and Biological Sciences Education Geography, Planning and Development