How to format your references using the The HUGO Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The HUGO Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Burrows A (2005) A theoretical look at the direct detection of giant planets outside the Solar System. Nature 433:261–268

A journal article with 2 authors

Eeva T, Lehikoinen E (2000) Recovery of breeding success in wild birds. Nature 403:851–852

A journal article with 3 authors

Feinstein NW, Allen S, Jenkins E (2013) Outside the pipeline: reimagining science education for nonscientists. Science 340:314–317

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Liu Y, Li C, Gao J, et al (2014) Comparative characterization of two intracellular Ca²⁺-release channels from the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. Sci Rep 4:6702

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Singer B, Fedorinchik G (2009) Investment Leadership and Portfolio Management. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Pointcheval D, Mu Y, Chen K (eds) (2006) Cryptology and Network Security: 5th International Conference, CANS 2006, Suzhou, China, December 8-10, 2006. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Neumann K-H, Imani J, Kumar A (2009) Protoplast Cultures. In: Kumar A, Neumann K-H (eds) Plant Cell and Tissue Culture - A Tool in Biotechnology: Basics and Application. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 51–60

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The HUGO Journal.

Blog post

Andrew E (2014) Physicists Create World’s Coolest Molecules. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2012) Highway Infrastructure: Federal-State Partnership Produces Benefits and Poses Oversight Risks. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Alla B (2017) Wellbore Stability Analysis of Sanish Field using 3-D Finite Element Model: Bakken Case Study. Doctoral dissertation, University of Louisiana

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Saslow L (2008) Laws Seek to Counter Clothing-Bin Fraud. New York Times LI5

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Burrows 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Eeva and Lehikoinen 2000; Burrows 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Eeva and Lehikoinen 2000)
Three or more authors: (Liu et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	The HUGO Journal
ISSN (print)	1877-6566
Scope