How to format your references using the The HUGO Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The HUGO Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Stocker TF (2015) The silent services of the world ocean. Science 350:764–765

A journal article with 2 authors

Palumbi SR, Warner RR (2003) Ecology. Why gobies are like Hobbits. Science 299:51–52

A journal article with 3 authors

Liu W, Shang Y, Li W (2014) gp78 elongates of polyubiquitin chains from the distal end through the cooperation of its G2BR and CUE domains. Sci Rep 4:7138

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Wang H, Liu T, Huang Y, et al (2014) Plasmon-driven surface catalysis in hybridized plasmonic gap modes. Sci Rep 4:7087

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

McEvily AJ (2013) Metal Failures. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Guthoff R, Katowitz JA (eds) (2006) Oculoplastics and Orbit. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Edelglass W (2005) Levinas’s Language. In: Tymieniecka A-T (ed) The Enigma of Good and Evil; The Moral Sentiment in Literature. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 47–62

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The HUGO Journal.

Blog post

Davis J (2016) China To Encourage Its Citizens To Eat 50 Percent Less Meat. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/china-to-encourage-its-citizens-to-eat-50-percent-less-meat/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1990) Close Air Support: Airborne Controllers in High-Threat Areas May Not Be Needed. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Glazer K (2015) Imagining a constructionist game-based pedagogical model: Using tabletop role-playing game creation to enhance literature education in high school English classes. Doctoral dissertation, Pepperdine University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Feeney K (2008) Ask for a Taco, Not For Lucinda. New York Times NJ12

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Stocker 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Palumbi and Warner 2003; Stocker 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Palumbi and Warner 2003)
Three or more authors: (Wang et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	The HUGO Journal
ISSN (print)	1877-6566
Scope