How to format your references using the The European Research Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The European Research Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Bohannon J. The Gonzo Scientist. Play it again, robot. Science. 2008;319:1613.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Johansson LC, Norberg RA. Delta-wing function of webbed feet gives hydrodynamic lift for swimming propulsion in birds. Nature. 2003;424:65–68.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Santos MD, Dorogovtsev SN, Mendes JFF. Biased imitation in coupled evolutionary games in interdependent networks. Sci. Rep. 2014;4:4436.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Hocking WK, Carey-Smith T, Tarasick DW, Argall PS, Strong K, Rochon Y, et al. Detection of stratospheric ozone intrusions by windprofiler radars. Nature. 2007;450:281–84.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Billingsley J. Essentials of Mechatronics. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2006.

An edited book

[1]

Improving farm animal welfare: Science and society working together: the Welfare Quality approach. Wageningen: Wageningen Academic Publishers. 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

van Eck W, Lamers MH. Animal Controlled Computer Games: Playing Pac-Man Against Real Crickets. In: Harper R, Rauterberg M, Combetto M eds. Entertainment Computing - ICEC 2006: 5th International Conference, Cambridge, UK, September 20-22, 2006. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. 2006:31–36.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The European Research Journal.

Blog post

[1]

Smoking Is More Dangerous For People With HIV Than The Virus Itself. (https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/smoking-is-more-dangerous-for-people-with-hiv-than-the-virus-itself/). Accessed 30 October 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. S. 1657 and H.R. 4564, Research and Development Acts. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1981.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Nevitt DS. Organic Geochemical Proxies as Indicators of Paleoenvironmental Conditions and Source Sediment Provenance in the Chenier Plain, Vermilion and Cameron Parishes, Louisiana, USA. 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Pilon M. Olympic Dream Vacations, Minus Tickets. New York Times. 2012:B15.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	The European Research Journal
ISSN (online)	2149-3189
Scope