How to format your references using the The European Research Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The European Research Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

King D. Spending review leaves research in the lurch. Nature. 2010;467:1007.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Pandey A, Mann M. Proteomics to study genes and genomes. Nature. 2000;405:837–46.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Acquisti C, Kleffe J, Collins S. Oxygen content of transmembrane proteins over macroevolutionary time scales. Nature. 2007;445:47–52.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Egan DF, Shackelford DB, Mihaylova MM, Gelino S, Kohnz RA, Mair W, et al. Phosphorylation of ULK1 (hATG1) by AMP-activated protein kinase connects energy sensing to mitophagy. Science. 2011;331:456–61.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Center for Chemical Process Safety. Guidelines for Process Safety in Batch Reaction Systems. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1999.

An edited book

[1]

Cardiac Imaging in Clinical Practice. 1st ed. 2016. Cham: Springer International Publishing. 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Sebbah S, Boukhtouta A, Berger J, Ghanmi A. Military Logistics Planning in Humanitarian Relief Operations. In: Zeimpekis V, Ichoua S, Minis I eds. Humanitarian and Relief Logistics: Research Issues, Case Studies and Future Trends. New York, NY: Springer. 2013:77–110.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The European Research Journal.

Blog post

[1]

Do Aliens Exist? SETI Video Explores The Chances Of Making First Contact. (https://www.iflscience.com/space/do-aliens-exist-and-if-they-get-contact-so-what/). Accessed 30 October 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Amtrak: Better Reporting, Planning, and Improved Financial Information Could Enhance Decision Making. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 2016.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Raines JR. Exploring differences in teacher attitudes and instructional strategies between traditional and block schedule high schools: A comparison of two large schools. 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Rohan T. War Zone at Mile 26: ‘So Many People Without Legs’. New York Times. 2013:A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	The European Research Journal
ISSN (online)	2149-3189
Scope