How to format your references using the The Design Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Design Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Zeng, W. (2008). ‘China’s challenge’. Nature, 452(7190): 1028–1029.

A journal article with 2 authors

Parkes, D.C. and Wellman, M.P. (2015). ‘Economic reasoning and artificial intelligence’. Science (New York, N.Y.), 349(6245): 267–272.

A journal article with 3 authors

Aarts, D.G.A.L., Schmidt, M. and Lekkerkerker, H.N.W. (2004). ‘Direct visual observation of thermal capillary waves’. Science (New York, N.Y.), 304(5672): 847–850.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Puel, A., Cypowyj, S., Bustamante, J., Wright, J.F., Liu, L., Lim, H.K., Migaud, M., et al. (2011). ‘Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis in humans with inborn errors of interleukin-17 immunity’. Science (New York, N.Y.), 332(6025): 65–68.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kulkarni, S. and Harman, G. (2011). An Elementary Introduction to Statistical Learning Theory: Kulkarni/Statistical Learning Theory. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Bourque, G. and El-Mabrouk, N. eds. (2006). Comparative Genomics: RECOMB 2006 International Workshop, RCG 2006 Montreal, Canada, September 24-26, 2006 Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Agneessens, F. and Koskinen, J. (2016). ‘Modeling Individual Outcomes Using a Multilevel Social Influence (MSI) Model: Individual Versus Team Effects of Trust on Job Satisfaction in an Organisational Context’. In E. Lazega & T. A. B. Snijders, eds. Multilevel Network Analysis for the Social Sciences: Theory, Methods and Applications. Texts in statistical science. Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 81–105.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Design Journal.

Blog post

Hale, T. (2016). ‘Most Of Us Fit Into Four Personality Groups – Which One Are You?’ IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/brain/most-of-us-fit-into-four-personality-groups-which-one-are-you/ [Accessed October 30, 2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1992). Amtrak Training: Improvements Needed for Employees Who Inspect and Maintain Rail Equipment. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Glock, M. (2008). Cultural futuristics: Bringing consciousness to cultural complexes and soul to scenario based planning. Doctoral dissertation. Carpinteria, CA: Pacifica Graduate Institute.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse, L. (2008). ‘Court Upholds Child Pornography Law, Despite Free Speech Concerns’. New York Times: A17.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Zeng, 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Zeng, 2008; Parkes and Wellman, 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Parkes and Wellman, 2015)
Three or more authors: (Puel et al., 2011)

About the journal

Full journal title	The Design Journal
ISSN (print)	1460-6925
ISSN (online)	1756-3062
Scope	Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design