How to format your references using the The Design Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Design Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Powell, K. (2003). ‘Short supply’. Nature, 423(6939): 566–567.

A journal article with 2 authors

Gollisch, T. and Meister, M. (2008). ‘Rapid neural coding in the retina with relative spike latencies’. Science (New York, N.Y.), 319(5866): 1108–1111.

A journal article with 3 authors

Parens, E., Johnston, J. and Moses, J. (2008). ‘Ethics. Do we need “synthetic bioethics”?’ Science (New York, N.Y.), 321(5895): 1449.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Turner, J., Lachlan-Cope, T.A., Colwell, S., Marshall, G.J. and Connolley, W.M. (2006). ‘Significant warming of the Antarctic winter troposphere’. Science (New York, N.Y.), 311(5769): 1914–1917.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Dunnivant, F.M. (2004). Environmental Laboratory Exercises for Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Monaghan, J. (2016). Tools and Mathematics. L. Trouche & J. M. Borwein, eds. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Kool, V.K. and Agrawal, R. (2016). ‘Behavior in the Virtual Environment’. In R. Agrawal, ed. Psychology of Technology. Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 187–251.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Design Journal.

Blog post

Taub, B. (2016). ‘Staying Up Past Your Bedtime Could Leave You “Functionally Drunk”’. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/staying-past-your-bedtime-could-leave-you-functionally-drunk/ [Accessed October 30, 2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2005). Education’s Data Management Initiative: Significant Progress Made, but Better Planning Needed to Accomplish Project Goals. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Rosenfeld, E.G. (2009). The ascent of women to senior leadership positions in the financial services industry: A phenomenological study. Doctoral dissertation. Minneapolis, MN: Capella University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Cyran, R. and Hay, G. (2010). ‘New Ventures Win Old Financiers’. New York Times: B2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Powell, 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Powell, 2003; Gollisch and Meister, 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Gollisch and Meister, 2008)
Three or more authors: (Turner et al., 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	The Design Journal
ISSN (print)	1460-6925
ISSN (online)	1756-3062
Scope	Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design