How to format your references using the The Central African Journal of Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Central African Journal of Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Garber K. Science careers. Translational institute unites unlikely partners at Penn. Science. 2007 Aug 17;317(5840):968–9.

A journal article with 2 authors

Wheeler MM, Robinson GE. Diet-dependent gene expression in honey bees: honey vs. sucrose or high fructose corn syrup. Sci Rep. 2014 Jul 17;4:5726.

A journal article with 3 authors

Li J, Han D, Zhao YP. Kinetic behaviour of the cells touching substrate: the interfacial stiffness guides cell spreading. Sci Rep. 2014 Jan 28;4:3910.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Brawand D, Soumillon M, Necsulea A, Julien P, Csárdi G, Harrigan P, et al. The evolution of gene expression levels in mammalian organs. Nature. 2011 Oct 19;478(7369):343–8.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Smilansky S. 10 Moral Paradoxes. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd; 2007.

An edited book

Rehm G, Uszkoreit H, editors. The Slovak Language in the Digital Age. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012. VI, 85 p. 25 illus., 23 illus. in color. (White Paper Series; vol. 5).

A chapter in an edited book

Meinel FG, Zhang LJ, Schoepf UJ. Dual Energy CT in Chest Tumors. In: De Cecco CN, Laghi A, Schoepf UJ, Meinel FG, editors. Dual Energy CT in Oncology. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015. p. 41–58.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Central African Journal of Medicine.

Blog post

Andrew E. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. A Melting Arctic And Weird Weather: The Plot Thickens. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/melting-arctic-and-weird-weather-plot-thickens/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Vulnerabilities in the Stafford Student Loan Program. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1991 May. Report No.: T-HRD-91-33.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bogenreif C. Rachmaninoff’s Sonata For Cello and Piano: A Staple in the Cello and Piano Repertoire [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sisario B. The Rapper Future Sets a Billboard Record. New York Times. 2017 Mar 6;C3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	The Central African Journal of Medicine
Abbreviation	Cent. Afr. J. Med.
ISSN (print)	0008-9176
Scope	General Medicine