How to format your references using the The Central African Journal of Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Central African Journal of Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Tachibana-Konwalski K. Cell division: Hold on and let go. Nature. 2015 Jan 22;517(7535):441–2.

A journal article with 2 authors

Tenopir C, King DW. Lessons for the future of journals. Nature. 2001 Oct 18;413(6857):672–4.

A journal article with 3 authors

Khush RS, Leulier F, Lemaitre B. Immunology. Pathogen surveillance--the flies have it. Science. 2002 Apr 12;296(5566):273–5.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Yoshino T, Matsuzaki T, Yamashita S, Katsura T. Hydrous olivine unable to account for conductivity anomaly at the top of the asthenosphere. Nature. 2006 Oct 26;443(7114):973–6.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Dixon CS. Protestants. Oxford, UK: wiley-Blackwell; 2010.

An edited book

Kreutzer RT. Digital Darwinism: Branding and Business Models in Jeopardy. Land KH, editor. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2015. XIV, 257 p. 120 illus., 105 illus. in color.

A chapter in an edited book

Falcone A. Synthetic Biology, Biotechnology Patents and the Protection of Human Health. A Consideration of the Principals at Stake. In: de Miguel Beriain I, Romeo Casabona CM, editors. Synbio and Human Health: A Challenge to the Current IP Framework? Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2014. p. 55–76.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Central African Journal of Medicine.

Blog post

Fang J. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Beaked Whale Smashes Record with Nearly 2-Mile Dive. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/beaked-whale-smashes-record-nearly-2-mile-dive/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Federal Advisory Groups: DOT and DOE Can Take Steps to Better Assess Duplication Risk and Enhance Usefulness. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2012 Mar. Report No.: GAO-12-472.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gomes MA. Cognitive science approaches to actor training: Interrogating conceptual language [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner J. Beleaguered Bullpen Falters Again Even as Harvey Makes Progress. New York Times. 2017 May 18;B11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	The Central African Journal of Medicine
Abbreviation	Cent. Afr. J. Med.
ISSN (print)	0008-9176
Scope	General Medicine