How to format your references using the The Central African Journal of Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Central African Journal of Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Dernburg AF. Molecular biology. RNA plays meiotic matchmaker. Science. 2012 May 11;336(6082):681–2.

A journal article with 2 authors

Sunami A, Kurokawa K. Recession Watch: No time for nationalism. Nature. 2009 Feb 19;457(7232):960–1.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ragazzoni R, Marchetti E, Valente G. Adaptive-optics corrections available for the whole sky. Nature. 2000 Jan 6;403(6765):54–6.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Seidler RD, Purushotham A, Kim SG, Uğurbil K, Willingham D, Ashe J. Cerebellum activation associated with performance change but not motor learning. Science. 2002 Jun 14;296(5575):2043–6.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Sharma YC. A Guide to the Economic Removal of Metals from Aqueous Solutions. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

Zentes J. Strategic Retail Management: Text and International Cases. Morschett D, Schramm-Klein H, editors. Wiesbaden: Gabler; 2007. VIII, 366 p. 90 illus.

A chapter in an edited book

Plumley J. Perception on Design Quality within the New Mega Townships of India. In: Tiwari P, editor. The Towers of New Capital: Mega Townships in India. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK; 2016. p. 45–9.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Central African Journal of Medicine.

Blog post

Luntz S. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. The Water On Earth Predates The Formation Of The Sun. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/solar-systems-water-predates-sun/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Chief Information Officers: Responsibilities and Information Technology Governance at Leading Private-Sector Companies. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2005 Sep. Report No.: GAO-05-986.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

McAvoy DL. Coming of age with Shakespeare: The convergence of American youth culture and high culture since the 1980s [Doctoral dissertation]. [Bloomington, IN]: Indiana University; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hartocollis A. Mental Issues Put 34,500 on New York No-Guns List. New York Times. 2014 Oct 19;A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	The Central African Journal of Medicine
Abbreviation	Cent. Afr. J. Med.
ISSN (print)	0008-9176
Scope	General Medicine