How to format your references using the Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lederman L (2004) The pleasure of learning. Nature 430:617

A journal article with 2 authors

Keen DA, Goodwin AL (2015) The crystallography of correlated disorder. Nature 521:303–309

A journal article with 3 authors

Klak C, Reeves G, Hedderson T (2004) Unmatched tempo of evolution in Southern African semi-desert ice plants. Nature 427:63–65

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Prinjha R, Moore SE, Vinson M, et al (2000) Inhibitor of neurite outgrowth in humans. Nature 403:383–384

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Mackevičius V (2014) Integral and Measure. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Novitsky YW (2016) Hernia Surgery: Current Principles. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Brown JR (2005) Naturalism, Pictures, and Platonic Intuitions. In: Mancosu P, Jørgensen KF, Pedersen SA (eds) Visualization, Explanation and Reasoning Styles in Mathematics. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 57–73

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) Rombertik ‘Kamikaze Virus’ Is Inventive And Aggressive, But It’s Not The End Of The World. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/rombertik-kamikaze-virus-inventive-and-aggressive-it-s-not-end-world/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1991) Student Aid Information and Private Tuition-Guarantee Programs. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Avila B (2013) Comparison of paternal and maternal involvement in a government funded home-based intervention program: A multivariate analysis of parent gender, child gender and age of the child. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner J (2017) Mets Send Duda to Rays; More Trades May Follow. New York Times B9

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology
Abbreviation	J. Orthop. Traumatol.
ISSN (print)	1590-9921
ISSN (online)	1590-9999
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Surgery

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