How to format your references using the The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry (CIP). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Poo M-M. Cultural reflections. Nature 2004;428(6979):204–205.

A journal article with 2 authors

Gaut BS, Ross-Ibarra J. Selection on major components of angiosperm genomes. Science 2008;320(5875):484–486.

A journal article with 3 authors

Gillespie AR, Montgomery DR, Mushkin A. Planetary science: are there active glaciers on Mars? Nature 2005;438(7069):E9-10; discussion E10.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Shen C, Clarkson ENK, Yang J, et al. Development and trunk segmentation of early instars of a ptychopariid trilobite from Cambrian Stage 5 of China. Sci Rep 2014;46970.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bains G. Cultural DNA. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2015.

An edited book

Fidanova S (ed). Recent Advances in Computational Optimization. Heidelberg: Springer International Publishing; 2013. X, 183 p p.

A chapter in an edited book

Alves-Prado HF, Bocchini DA, Gomes E, et al. Optimization of Cyclodextrin Glucanotransferase Production From Bacillus clausii E16 in Submerged Fermentation Using Response Surface Methodology. In: Mielenz JR, Klasson KT, Adney WS, et al., editors. Applied Biochemistry and Biotecnology: The Twenty-Eighth Symposium Proceedings of the Twenty-Eight Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals Held April 30–May 3, 2006, in Nashville, Tennessee. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press; 2007. p27–40.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry.

Blog post

O`Callaghan J. Playing Tetris Could Reduce Cravings For Drugs, Food and Sex. IFLSciencehttps://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/playing-tetris-could-reduce-cravings-drugs-sex-and-food/ (2015, accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. First-Year Implementation of the Federal Managers’ Financial Integrity Act in the Department of Education. HRD-84-49Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; May 9, 1984.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Swann E. Adult learning for healthy aging: An investigation of health literacy and technology use in older adults. Doctoral DissertationFlorida Atlantic University; 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Pilon M. U.S. Olympic Team Selected. New York Times, February 27, 2012, D7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry
Abbreviation	Can. J. Psychiatry
ISSN (print)	0706-7437
ISSN (online)	1497-0015
Scope	Psychiatry and Mental health